n.

いっぺん、小片、破片、切れっ端。[fig]僅少。抜粋。(書き物の)断片。[pl]食べ残し、残飯。くず、廃物、がらくた、スクラップ

adj.

小片の、砕片の。くずの。残り物からなる

vt.,vi.

WordNet

make into scrap or refuse; "scrap the old airplane and sell the parts"
a small piece of something that is left over after the rest has been used; "she jotted it on a scrap of paper"; "there was not a scrap left"
make by scraping; "They scraped a letter into the stone"
a deep bow with the foot drawn backwards (indicating excessive humility); "all that bowing and scraping did not impress him" (同)scraping
a harsh noise made by scraping; "the scrape of violin bows distracted her" (同)scraping, scratch, scratching
scratch repeatedly; "The cat scraped at the armchair" (同)grate
bend the knees and bow in a servile manner (同)kowtow, genuflect
gather (money or other resources) together over time; "She had scraped together enough money for college"; "they scratched a meager living" (同)scrape up, scratch, come_up
a fatal disease of sheep characterized by chronic itching and loss of muscular control and progressive degeneration of the central nervous system
a very tall building with many stories
(usually plural) a fragment scraped off of something and collected; "they collected blood scrapings for analysis"

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈C〉『かけら』,小片;少し;《A~》少々(の…)《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈C〉《複数形で》残りもの,食べ残し / 〈U〉(くず鉄など)金属のスクラップ / 〈U〉『くず』,廃物,がらくた / (役に立たないとして)…‘を'捨てる(discard) / …‘を'くず(スクラップ)にする
(突然のちょっとした)いさかい,けんか / けんかする
(堅い物などにぶつかって)…‘に'『すり傷をつける』《+『名』+『on』(『against』)+『名』》 / …‘を'ギーッと引く(動かす) / …‘を'乱暴にこする / (表面をなめらかにするため)…‘を'『こする』 / (…から)…‘を'『こすって取る』《+『名』+『off』(『from』)+『名』》 / 《話》…‘を'なんとかかき集める(作る)《+『up』(『together』)+『名』》 / (…を)荒々しく(音をきしらせて)『こする』《+『against』(『along, on』)+『名』》 / なんとかやりとげる / こすった跡,すり傷 / こすること;(こすって生じる)きしる音 / 《話》苦境,難局
摩天楼,超高層ビル
〈U〉かく(こする)こと;削ること / 《複数形で》(削った,かき取った)くず,ごみ

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/12/22 08:14:44」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

"Scrapping" redirects here. Not to be confused with scraping.

"Scrap metal" redirects here. For other uses, see Scrap Metal (disambiguation).

Scrap consists of recyclable materials left over from product manufacturing and consumption, such as parts of vehicles, building supplies, and surplus materials. Unlike waste, scrap can have significant monetary value.

How scrap is processed[edit]

Piles of scrap metal being utilized for the World War II effort, circa 1941

Scrap metal originates both in business and residential environments. Typically a "scrapper" will advertise their services to conveniently remove scrap metal for people who don't need it, or need to get rid of it.

Scrap is often taken to a wrecking yard (also known as a scrapyard, junkyard, or breaker's yard), where it is processed for later melting into new products. A wrecking yard, depending on its location, may allow customers to browse their lot and purchase items before they are sent to the smelters, although many scrap yards that deal in large quantities of scrap usually do not, often selling entire units such as engines or machinery by weight with no regard to their functional status. Customers are typically required to supply all of their own tools and labour to extract parts, and some scrapyards may first require waiving liability for personal injury before entering. Many scrapyards also sell bulk metals (stainless steel, etc.) by weight, often at prices substantially below the retail purchasing costs of similar pieces.

In contrast to wreckers, scrapyards typically sell everything by weight, rather than by item. To the scrapyard, the primary value of the scrap is what the smelter will give them for it, rather than the value of whatever shape the metal may be in. An auto wrecker, on the other hand, would price exactly the same scrap based on what the item does, regardless of what it weighs. Typically, if a wrecker cannot sell something above the value of the metal in it, they would then take it to the scrapyard and sell it by weight. Equipment containing parts of various metals can often be purchased at a price below that of either of the metals, due to saving the scrapyard the labour of separating the metals before shipping them to be recycled. As an example, a scrapyard in Arcata, California sells automobile engines for $0.25 per pound, while aluminum, of which the engine is mostly made, sells for $1.25 per pound.^{[citation needed]}

Resources[edit]

Some of the biggest searches for scrapping is for scrap prices. Finding them throughout the internet can be tricky. Sometime they are displayed as the market prices which are not the prices that recyclers will see at the scrap yards. Other prices are ranges or older and not updated frequently. The rate of the scrap metal market is ever changing. Some scrap yards' websites^[1] have scrap prices on them and are updated but sometimes it can just pay to call the scrap yard yourself. Scrap prices are reported in a handful of U.S. publications, including American Metal Market, based on confirmed sales. Non-US domiciled publications, such as The Steel Index, also report on the US scrap price, which has become increasingly important to global export markets. Scrap yards directories, like the iScrap App^[2] are also important for recyclers to find facilities in the US & Canada allowing users to get in contact with yards within minutes.

With many resources online for recyclers to look at for scrapping tips, like on YouTube^[3] and Blogs,^[4] scrapping is often referred to as a hands and labor intensive job. Taking apart and separating metals is important to making more money on scrap. For tips like using a magnet to determine ferrous and non-ferrous materials, that can help recyclers make more money on their metal recycling. When a magnet sticks to the metal, it will be a ferrous material, like steel or iron. This is usually a less expensive item that is recycled but usually is recycled in larger quantities of thousands of pounds. Non-ferrous metal do not stick to a magnet like copper, aluminum, brass, and stainless steel. These items are higher priced commodities for metal recycling and are important to separate when recycling them.

Risks[edit]

Great potential exists in the scrap metal industry for accidents in which a hazardous material, which is present in scrap, causes death, injury, or environmental damage. A classic example is radioactivity in scrap; see the Goiânia accident and the Mayapuri radiological accident as examples of accidents involving radioactive materials, which entered the scrap metal industry and some details of the behaviour of contaminating chemical elements in metal smelters. Many specialised tools used in scrapyards, such as the Alligator shear which cuts metal using hydraulic force, can also be dangerous to untrained people.

Benefits of recycling scrap metals[edit]

According to research conducted by the US Environmental Protection Agency, recycling scrap metals can be quite beneficial to the environment. Using recycled scrap metal in place of virgin iron ore can yield:^[5]

75% savings in energy
90% savings in raw materials used
86% reduction in air pollution
40% reduction in water use
76% reduction in water pollution
97% reduction in mining wastes

Every ton of new steel made from scrap steel saves:

1,115 kg of iron ore
625 kg of coal
53 kg of limestone

Energy savings from other metals include:

Aluminium savings of 95% energy
Copper savings of 85% energy
Lead savings of 65% energy
Zinc savings of 60% energy

Metal recycling industry[edit]

The metal recycling industry encompasses a wide range of metals. The more frequently recycled metals are scrap steel, iron (ISS), lead, aluminium, copper, stainless steel and zinc. There are two main categories of metals: ferrous and non-ferrous. Metals which contain iron in them are known as Ferrous where metals without iron are non-ferrous.

Common non-ferrous metals are copper, brass, aluminum, zinc, magnesium, tin, nickel, and lead.

Non-ferrous metals also include precious and exotic metals.

Precious metals are metals with a high market value in any form, such as gold, silver, and platinum group metals.
Exotic metals contain rare elements such as cobalt, mercury, titanium, tungsten, arsenic, beryllium, bismuth, cerium, cadmium, niobium, indium, gallium, germanium, lithium, selenium, tantalum, tellurium, vanadium, and zirconium. Some types of metals are radioactive. These may be “naturally-occurring” or may be formed as by-products of nuclear reactions. Metals that have been exposed to radioactive sources may also become radioactive in settings such as medical environments, research laboratories, or nuclear power plants.

OSHA guidelines should be followed when recycling any type of scrap metal to ensure safety.

Specific examples[edit]

Ship breaking[edit]

Main article: Ship breaking

Railway locomotives[edit]

A railway locomotive typically contains around 100 tonnes of metal. In the United Kingdom, old railway locomotives are recycled by companies such as European Metal Recycling.

Role in the American economy[edit]

The scrap industry contributed $65 billion in 2006 and is one of the few contributing positively to the U.S. balance of trade, exporting $15.7 billion in scrap commodities in 2006. This imbalance of trade has resulted in rising scrap prices during 2007 and 2008 within the United States.^[6] Scrap recycling also helps reduce greenhouse gas emissions and conserves energy and natural resources. For example, scrap recycling diverts 145 million short tons (129,000,000 long tons; 132,000,000 t) of materials away from landfills. Recycled scrap is a raw material feedstock for 2 out of 3 pounds of steel made in the U.S., for 60% of the metals and alloys produced in the U.S., for more than 50% of the U.S. paper industry’s needs, and for 33% of U.S. aluminum. Recycled scrap helps keep air and water cleaner by removing potentially hazardous materials and keeping them out of landfills.

Gallery[edit]

A pile of scrap.
A scrapyard.
Scrap from cans
Compacted scrap pile
British Rail locomotives stacked awaiting scrapping.
Scrap car bodies
Loading gondolas
Scrap metal rusts outdoors.

References[edit]

^ Rockaway Recycling: Scrap Yard Updated Prices
^ iScrap App: Scrap Yard & Auto Recycler Directory
^ Scrapping Tips On YouTube
^ Scrap Metal Tip Blog
^ "Benefits of Recycling Scrap Metal". Retrieved 2011-04-04.
^ "American Scrap Coalition Crisis". Retrieved 2008-08-28.

OSHA Guidelines for Recyling Scrap Metal

External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Scrap metal.

Look up scrap in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Scrap on the Open Directory Project

English Journal

Characterization of Particle Exposure in Ferrochromium and Stainless Steel Production.

Järvelä M1, Huvinen M2, Viitanen AK3, Kanerva T3, Vanhala E1, Uitti J3, Koivisto AJ1, Junttila S4, Luukkonen R1, Tuomi T1.
Journal of occupational and environmental hygiene.J Occup Environ Hyg.2016 Mar 7:0. [Epub ahead of print]
This study describes workers' exposure to fine and ultrafine particles in the production chain of ferrochromium and stainless steel during sintering, ferrochromium smelting, stainless steel melting, and hot and cold rolling operations. Workers' personal exposure to inhalable dust was assessed with I
PMID 26950803

Formation and emission of brominated dioxins and furans during secondary aluminum smelting processes.

Wang M1, Liu G2, Jiang X1, Li S1, Liu W1, Zheng M1.
Chemosphere.Chemosphere.2016 Mar;146:60-7. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.11.109. Epub 2015 Dec 18.
Secondary aluminum smelting (SAl) processes have previously been found to be important sources of polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBDD/Fs). It is crucial that the key factors that influence the formation and emission of PBDD/Fs are identified to allow techniques for decreasing PB
PMID 26706932

Infection levels of the cestode Hymenolepis diminuta in rat populations from Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Hancke D1, Suárez OV1.
Journal of helminthology.J Helminthol.2016 Mar;90(2):199-205. doi: 10.1017/S0022149X15000164. Epub 2015 Apr 14.
Ecological studies on zoonotic parasites are crucial for the design and implementation of effective measures to prevent parasite transmission. The aim of this study was to evaluate factors such as season, landscape unit, rat sex and rat body length, affecting the abundance of the cestode Hymenolepis
PMID 25869333

Building the Material Flow Networks of Aluminum in the 2007 U.S. Economy.

Chen WQ, Graedel TE, Nuss P, Ohno H.
Environmental science & technology.Environ Sci Technol.2016 Feb 29. [Epub ahead of print]
Based on the combination of the U.S. economic input-output table and the stocks and flows framework for characterizing anthropogenic metal cycles, this study presents a methodology for building material flow networks of bulk metals in the U.S. economy and applies it to aluminum. The results, which w
PMID 26926828

Japanese Journal

ネオジム磁石の製造方法の変遷とリサイクルに求められる課題 (特集レアメタルリサイクルの意義とリサイクル技術開発の動向について)

まぐね 11(1), 14-20, 2016
NAID 40020732754

Solid-liquid Phase Degradation of Vulcanized Rubber Using Lipid Peroxidation

Chemistry Letters 45(4), 397-399, 2016
NAID 130005143987

Shaft Furnace Simulation by Mathematical Model Considering Coke Gasification Rate in High Temperature

ISIJ International 56(2), 239-244, 2016
NAID 130005131143

Effects of Doping Elements in β-FeSi₂ Prepared Utilizing Cast Iron Scrap Chips

MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS 57(3), 445-451, 2016
NAID 130005127320

Related Pictures

Aluminium Scrap Tense Copper-Bare-Brite Scrap metal salvage company We Buy Scrap Metro Council passes scrap metal ordinance Scrap dealers extract valuable metals like File:Scrap Metal.JPG - Wikimedia Commons Scrap Prices Aluminum Scrap - The Scrap Granton View, Scrap Metal Yard Iron scrap