関: Sapporo virus、Sapporo-like virus

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/06/14 19:17:25」(JST)

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Sapovirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Caliciviridae. Humans and swine serve as natural hosts.^[1] There is currently only one species in this genus: the type species Sapporo virus.^[1]^[2]^[3] Together with the Norwalk virus, these are the most common cause of acute viral gastroenteritis in adults.^[1]^[4] Unlike Noroviruses, however, Sapoviruses generally only causes mild gastroenteritis in young children.^[5] The type species (and the genus by extension) is named after Sapporo, Japan where the virus was first discovered following an outbreak of gastroenteritis in an orphanage.^[6]

Structure

Viruses in Sapovirus are non-enveloped, with icosahedral geometries, and T=3 symmetry. The diameter is around 27-40 nm. Genomes are linear and non-segmented, around 8.3kb in length.^[1]

Genus	Structure	Symmetry	Capsid	Genomic Arrangement	Genomic Segmentation
Sapovirus	Icosahedral	T=3	Non-Enveloped	Linear	Monopartite

Life Cycle

Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment to host receptors, which mediates endocytosis. Replication follows the positive stranded RNA virus replication model. Positive stranded RNA virus transcription is the method of transcription. Translation takes place by RNA termination-reinitiation. Humans and swine serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are fecal-oral.^[1]

Genus	Host Details	Tissue Tropism	Entry Details	Release Details	Replication Site	Assembly Site	Transmission
Sapovirus	Humans; swine	Intestinal epithelium	Cell receptor endocytosis	Lysis	Cytoplasm	Cytoplasm	Oral-fecal

Taxonomy

Group: ssRNA(+)

Order: Unassigned

Family: Caliciviridae
- Genus: Sapovirus
  Sapporo virus

^[3]

Sapovirus are currently classified into seven genogroups (GI to GVII) based on the complete sequence of capsid. GI, GII, GIV and GV are known to infect humans ^[7]

Animal viruses

Sapoviruses have been identified in bats, California sea lions, dogs, pigs and mink.^[8]^[9]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
^ Hansman GS, Oka T, Katayama K, Takeda N (2007). "Human sapoviruses: genetic diversity, recombination, and classification". Reviews in Medical Virology 17 (2): 133–41. doi:10.1002/rmv.533. PMID 17340567.
^ ^a ^b ICTV. "Virus Taxonomy: 2014 Release". Retrieved 15 June 2015.
^ Blanton LH, Adams SM, Beard RS, et al. (2006). "Molecular and epidemiological trends of caliciviruses associated with outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis in the United States, 2000–2004". J Infect Dis 193 (3): 413–21. doi:10.1086/499315. PMID 16388489.
^ Moreno-Espinosa S, Farkas T, Jiang X (October 2004). "Human caliciviruses and pediatric gastroenteritis". Seminars in Pediatric Infectious Diseases 15 (4): 237–45. doi:10.1053/j.spid.2004.07.004. PMID 15494947.
^ Chiba S, Sakuma Y, Kogasaka R, Akihara M, Terashima H, Horino K, Nakao T (August 1980). "Fecal shedding of virus in relation to the days of illness in infantile gastroenteritis due to calicivirus". The Journal of Infectious Diseases 142 (2): 247–9. doi:10.1093/infdis/142.2.247. PMID 7410899.
^ Farkas, T; Zhong, WM; Jing, Y; Huang, PW; Espinosa, SM; Martinez, N; Morrow, AL; Ruiz-Palacios, GM; Pickering, LK; Jiang, X (July 2004). "Genetic diversity among sapoviruses.". Archives of Virology 149 (7): 1309–23. doi:10.1007/s00705-004-0296-9. PMID 15221533.
^ Meng XJ (January 2012). "Emerging and Re-emerging Swine Viruses". Transboundary and Emerging Diseases 59: 85–102. doi:10.1111/j.1865-1682.2011.01291.x. PMID 22225855.
^ Tse H, Chan WM, Li KS, Lau SK, Woo PC, Yuen KY (2012) Discovery and genomic characterization of a novel bat sapovirus with unusual genomic features and phylogenetic position. PLoS One 7(4):e34987.

External links

Viralzone: Sapovirus
ICTV

UpToDate Contents

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1. ノロウイルスおよび関連ウイルスの臨床症状および診断 clinical manifestations and diagnosis of noroviruses and related viruses
2. 成人におけるウイルス性胃腸炎の疫学および病因 epidemiology and pathogenesis of viral gastroenteritis in adults

English Journal

CALICIVIRUS REMOVAL IN A MEMBRANE BIOREACTOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT.

Sima LC, Schaeffer J, Le Saux JC, Parnaudeau S, Elimelech M, Le Guyader FS.SourceDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Environmental Engineering Program, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Applied and environmental microbiology.Appl Environ Microbiol.2011 Jun 10. [Epub ahead of print]
To evaluate membrane bioreactor wastewater treatment virus removal, a study was conducted in southwest France. Samples, collected from plant influent, aeration basin, membrane effluent, solid sludge, and effluent biweekly from October 2009 to June 2010 were analyzed for calicivirus (norovirus and sa
PMID 21666029

Full sequence analysis of original sapporo virus.

Nakanishi K, Tatsumi M, Kinoshita-Numata K, Tsugawa T, Nakata S, Tsutsumi H.SourceDepartment of Pediatrics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1, West-16, Chuo-Ku, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan, and Nakata Pediatric Clinic, Hokkaido, Japan.
Microbiology and immunology.Microbiol Immunol.2011 Jun 6. doi: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2011.00358.x. [Epub ahead of print]
We obtained the full-length genome sequence of the prototype of sapovirus, that is the Sapporo virus (SV82). Sapporo virus RNA was extracted from a fecal sample, amplified by RT-PCR and the PCR products were sequenced directly and analyzed. Sequence analysis showed that this Sapporo virus consisted
PMID 21645054

Japanese Journal

Detection of Enteric Viruses in Fecal Specimens from Nonbacterial Foodborne Gastroenteritis Outbreaks in Tokyo, Japan between 1966 and 1983

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases advpub(0), 2016
NAID 130005159488

Monthly Distribution of Norovirus and Sapovirus in Viral Gastroenteritis in Thailand

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases advpub(0), 2016
NAID 130005137444

Epidemiological Characteristics of Sapovirus and Human Astrovirus Detected among Children in the Nara Prefecture, Japan, during 2009/2010–2014/2015 Seasons

Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases advpub(0), 2016
NAID 130005137435

「サポウイルス」

Sapporo virus
	Transmission electron micrograph of Sapporo viruses.
Virus classification
Group:	Group IV ((+)ssRNA)
Family:	Caliciviridae
Genus:	Sapovirus
Type Species
	Sapporo virus;

　　[★]

英: sapovirus
関: ウイルス

カリシウイルス科サポウイルス属に属するウイルスの総称と思われる。
代表的なウイルス：サッポロウイルス
ヒト胃腸炎病原性カリシウイルスの一属

[ViralZone-1] "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015.

[pmid17340567-2] Hansman GS, Oka T, Katayama K, Takeda N (2007). "Human sapoviruses: genetic diversity, recombination, and classification". Reviews in Medical Virology 17 (2): 133–41. doi:10.1002/rmv.533. PMID 17340567.

[ICTV-3] ICTV. "Virus Taxonomy: 2014 Release". Retrieved 15 June 2015.

[4] Blanton LH, Adams SM, Beard RS, et al. (2006). "Molecular and epidemiological trends of caliciviruses associated with outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis in the United States, 2000–2004". J Infect Dis 193 (3): 413–21. doi:10.1086/499315. PMID 16388489.

[pmid15494947-5] Moreno-Espinosa S, Farkas T, Jiang X (October 2004). "Human caliciviruses and pediatric gastroenteritis". Seminars in Pediatric Infectious Diseases 15 (4): 237–45. doi:10.1053/j.spid.2004.07.004. PMID 15494947.

[pmid7410899-6] Chiba S, Sakuma Y, Kogasaka R, Akihara M, Terashima H, Horino K, Nakao T (August 1980). "Fecal shedding of virus in relation to the days of illness in infantile gastroenteritis due to calicivirus". The Journal of Infectious Diseases 142 (2): 247–9. doi:10.1093/infdis/142.2.247. PMID 7410899.

[7] Farkas, T; Zhong, WM; Jing, Y; Huang, PW; Espinosa, SM; Martinez, N; Morrow, AL; Ruiz-Palacios, GM; Pickering, LK; Jiang, X (July 2004). "Genetic diversity among sapoviruses.". Archives of Virology 149 (7): 1309–23. doi:10.1007/s00705-004-0296-9. PMID 15221533.

[pmid22225855-8] Meng XJ (January 2012). "Emerging and Re-emerging Swine Viruses". Transboundary and Emerging Diseases 59: 85–102. doi:10.1111/j.1865-1682.2011.01291.x. PMID 22225855.

[Tse2012-9] Tse H, Chan WM, Li KS, Lau SK, Woo PC, Yuen KY (2012) Discovery and genomic characterization of a novel bat sapovirus with unusual genomic features and phylogenetic position. PLoS One 7(4):e34987.

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sapovirus