WordNet

shaped into alternating parallel grooves and ridges; "the surface of the ocean was rippled and corrugated"
trouble or vex; "ruffle somebodys composure"
erect or fluff up; "the bird ruffled its feathers" (同)fluff
pleat or gather into a ruffle; "ruffle the curtain fabric" (同)pleat
disturb the smoothness of; "ruffle the surface of the water" (同)ruffle up, rumple, mess up
discompose; "This play is going to ruffle some people"; "She has a way of ruffling feathers among her colleagues"

PrepTutorEJDIC

かき乱された,しわくちゃの;波立った / ひだ飾りのある
平静(冷静)な,平穏な;(水面などが)波立たない,静かな
…‘の'『表面をかき乱す』,しわくちゃにする,〈風〉が〉〈水面〉‘を'波立たせる;〈鳥が〉〈羽毛〉‘を'逆立てる《+『up』+『名,』+『名』+『up』》 / 〈人,人の心〉‘を'落す,いら立たせる,怒らせる / …‘に'ひだを取る / 表面をかき乱す,しわくちゃになる,波立つ / いら立つ / (衣服・カーテンなどの)ひだべり,ひだ飾り(frill) / 波立ち

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/07/24 14:55:14」(JST)

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Portrait of a woman wearing a heavily ruffled cap, 1789

In sewing and dressmaking, a ruffle, frill, or furbelow is a strip of fabric, lace or ribbon tightly gathered or pleated on one edge and applied to a garment, bedding, or other textile as a form of trimming.^[1]

The term flounce is a particular type of fabric manipulation that creates a similar look but with less bulk. The term derives from earlier terms of frounce or fronce.^[2] A wavy effect effected without gathers or pleats is created by cutting a curved strip of fabric and applying the inner or shorter edge to the garment. The depth of the curve as well as the width of the fabric determines the depth of the flounce. A godet is a circle wedge that can be inserted into a flounce to further deepen the outer floating wave without adding additional bulk at the point of attachment to the body of the garment, such as at the hemline, collar or sleeve.

Ruffles appeared at the draw-string necklines of full chemises in the 15th century, evolved into the separately-constructed ruff of the 16th century. Ruffles and flounces remained a fashionable form of trim, off-and-on into modern times.^[3]

Notes

^ Caulfield, S.F.A. and B.C. Saward, The Dictionary of Needlework, 1885, facsimile edition, Blaketon Hall, 1989, p. 428
^ Caulfield and Saward, The Dictionary of Needlework, p. 218
^ For styles and construction of ruffles, frills and flounces through the centuries, see the Arnold, Baumgarten and Tozer volumes listed below

References

Oxford English Dictionary
Picken, Mary Brooks: The Fashion Dictionary, Funk and Wagnalls, 1957. (1973 edition ISBN 0-308-10052-2)
Arnold, Janet: Patterns of Fashion: the cut and construction of clothes for men and women 1560-1620, Macmillan 1985. Revised edition 1986. (ISBN 0-8967-6083-9)
Baumgarten, Linda: What Clothes Reveal: The Language of Clothing in Colonial and Federal America, Yale University Press, 2002. ISBN 0-300-09580-5
Tozer, Jane and Sarah Levitt, Fabric of Society: A Century of People and their Clothes 1770-1870, Laura Ashley Press, ISBN 0-9508913-0-4

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English Journal

Chondroitin Sulfate Promotes Activation of Cathepsin K.

Lemaire PA1, Huang L1, Zhuo Y1, Lu J1, Bahnck C1, Stachel SJ1, Carroll SS1, Duong LT2.
The Journal of biological chemistry.J Biol Chem.2014 Jun 23. pii: jbc.M114.559898. [Epub ahead of print]
Cathepsin K (CatK), a major lysosomal collagenase produced by osteoclasts, plays an important role in bone resorption. Evidence exists that the collagenase activity of CatK is promoted by chondroitin sulfate (CS), a sulfated glycosaminoglycan. This study examines the role of CS in facilitating CatK
PMID 24958728

Excited States of a Significantly Ruffled Porphyrin: Computational Study on Structure-Induced Rapid Decay Mechanism via Intersystem Crossing.

Bai FQ1, Nakatani N, Nakayama A, Hasegawa JY.
The journal of physical chemistry. A.J Phys Chem A.2014 Jun 12;118(23):4184-94. doi: 10.1021/jp502349h. Epub 2014 May 29.
The compound meso-tetra-tert-butylporphyrin (H2T(t-Bu)P) is a significantly ruffled porphyrin and known as a good quencher. Compared with planar porphyrins, H2T(t-Bu)P showed bathochromic shift and rapid radiationless decay of the (1)(π, π*) excited state. Density functional theory, approximated c
PMID 24840163

Investigations of the low frequency modes of ferric cytochrome C using vibrational coherence spectroscopy.

Karunakaran V1, Sun Y, Benabbas A, Champion PM.
The journal of physical chemistry. B.J Phys Chem B.2014 Jun 12;118(23):6062-70. doi: 10.1021/jp501298c. Epub 2014 May 30.
Femtosecond vibrational coherence spectroscopy is used to investigate the low frequency vibrational dynamics of the electron transfer heme protein, cytochrome c (cyt c). The vibrational coherence spectra of ferric cyt c have been measured as a function of excitation wavelength within the Soret band.
PMID 24823442

Japanese Journal

Regulators of Osteoclast Differentiation and Cell-Cell Fusion

MIYAMOTO Takeshi
Keio journal of medicine 60(4), 101-105, 2011-12-01
… Osteoclast cell-cell fusion is considered essential for re-organization of the cytoskeleton, such as the actin-ring and ruffled boarder to seal the resorbing area and to secret protons, respectively, to resorb bone; …
NAID 10030164455

免疫不全および免疫正常マウスに対するPasteurella pneumotropicaの病原性

KAWAMOTO Eiichi,SASAKI Hiraku,OKIYAMA Emi,KANAI Takao,UESHIBA Hidehiro,OHNISHI Naoko,SAWADA Takuo,HAYASHIMOTO Nobuhito,TAKAKURA Akira,ITOH Toshio
Experimental animals 60(5), 463-470, 2011-10-01
… pneumotropica-infected NOD/ShiJic-scid/Jcl mice developed clinical signs of depression, ruffled coat, and weight loss and died at 27, 34, and 59 days postinoculation. …
NAID 10029835362

Creating ruffled flower petals in Cyclamen persicum by expression of the chimeric cyclamen TCP repressor

TANAKA Yuri,YAMAMURA Tomomichi,OSHIMA Yoshimi,MITSUDA Nobutaka,KOYAMA Tomotsugu,OHME TAKAGI Masaru,TERAKAWA Teruhiko
Plant biotechnology 28(2), 141-147, 2011-03-25
… Creating new ruffled flower petals is an important breeding target in this plant. … We demonstrated that CpTCP1SRDX expression in cyclamen resulted in curly and ruffled flowers with a high ornamental value. …
NAID 10028258916