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1. 顔面裂および全前脳胞症facial clefts and holoprosencephaly [show details]
…predetermined destinations. Following neural tube fusion at the midpoint, the process continues both rostrally and caudad to culminate in closure of rostral and caudal neuropores. Concurrently, the primordial…
2. キアリ奇形chiari malformations [show details]
…growth abnormality theory proposes that collision between caudally-directed cranial growth and rostrally-directed cervical growth is the underlying abnormality in CM-I . However, most Chiari malformations …
3. レビー小体型認知症の疫学、病理学、および病因epidemiology pathology and pathogenesis of dementia with lewy bodies [show details]
…apparent order of progression, beginning with the lower brainstem or olfactory bulb, spreading rostrally to the substantia nigra, then into the limbic areas, and finally involving the neocortex . There…
4. パーキンソン病の病因および発症機序etiology and pathogenesis of parkinson disease [show details]
…pathologic changes of PD start in the medulla of the brainstem and in the olfactory bulb, progressing rostrally over many years to the cerebral cortex in a predictable six-stage process . According to Braak …
5. 頸部神経根障害の臨床的特徴および診断clinical features and diagnosis of cervical radiculopathy [show details]
…anatomic variant of a "prefixed" brachial plexus, which results in shifting of cervical innervation rostrally by one level . Similarly, the explanation for a T1 root lesion mimicking a C8 radiculopathy invokes…

English Journal

Emergent Functional Network Effects in Parkinson Disease.

Gratton C, Koller JM, Shannon W, Greene DJ, Maiti B, Snyder AZ, Petersen SE, Perlmutter JS, Campbell MC.
Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991). 2019 Jun;29(6)2509-2523.
The hallmark pathology underlying Parkinson disease (PD) is progressive synucleinopathy, beginning in caudal brainstem that later spreads rostrally. However, the primarily subcortical pathology fails to account for the wide spectrum of clinical manifestations in PD. To reconcile these observations,
PMID 29878081

Quantitative changes in perineuronal nets in development and posttraumatic condition.

Lipachev N, Arnst N, Melnikova A, Jäälinoja H, Kochneva A, Zhigalov A, Kulesskaya N, Aganov AV, Mavlikeev M, Rauvala H, Kiyasov AP, Paveliev M.
Journal of molecular histology. 2019 Jun;50(3)203-216.
Perineuronal net (PNN) is a highly structured portion of the CNS extracellular matrix (ECM) regulating synaptic plasticity and a range of pathologic conditions including posttraumatic regeneration and epilepsy. Here we studied Wisteria floribunda agglutinin-stained histological sections to quantify
PMID 30903543

An Excitatory Circuit in the Perioculomotor Midbrain for Non-REM Sleep Control.

Zhang Z, Zhong P, Hu F, Barger Z, Ren Y, Ding X, Li S, Weber F, Chung S, Palmiter RD, Dan Y.
Cell. 2019 May;177(5)1293-1307.e16.
The perioculomotor (pIII) region of the midbrain was postulated as a sleep-regulating center in the 1890s but largely neglected in subsequent studies. Using activity-dependent labeling and gene expression profiling, we identified pIII neurons that promote non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. Optrode
PMID 31031008

Japanese Journal

The effect of the masticatory muscle physiological cross-sectional area on the structure of the temporomandibular joint in Carnivora

ITO Kai,ENDO Hideki
Ｔｈｅ　Ｊｏｕｒｎａｌ　ｏｆ　Ｖｅｔｅｒｉｎａｒｙ　Ｍｅｄｉｃａｌ　Ｓｃｉｅｎｃｅ 81(3), 389-396, 2019
… When the temporalis PCSA is large relative to body size, the preglenoid projects caudally, the postglenoid projects rostrally and the pre-postglenoid angle interval is small, indicating that the condyle is locked in the fossa to reinforce the temporomandibular joint. … In Mustelidae, the temporomandibular joint with a rostrally projecting postglenoid is suitable for carnassial biting using the temporalis muscle. …
NAID 130007613449

Forebrain atlas of Japanese jack mackerel Trachurus japonicus

Ou Ratanak,Yamamoto Naoyuki
Ichthyological research : an official journal of the Ichthyological Society of Japan 63(3), 405-426, 2016-07-25
… The cerebellar corpus is also relatively large, protruding rostrally on top of the optic tectum. …
NAID 120005889994

Assessment of Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats as a Periodontal Disease Model Using a Selective Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 Inhibitor

Nakahara Yutaka,Ozaki Kiyokazu,Sano Tomoya [他],Kodama Yasushi,Matsuura Tetsuro
Ｊｏｕｒｎａｌ　ｏｆ　Ｔｏｘｉｃｏｌｏｇｉｃ　Ｐａｔｈｏｌｏｇｙ 27(2), 123-129, 2014
… It is probable that in this model, hyperglycemia may enable crown caries to progress to apical periodontitis, while the associated inflammation may rostrally expand to surrounding periodontal tissue. …
NAID 130003391346