WordNet

relating to the sciences dealing with matter and energy; especially physics; "physical sciences"; "physical laws"
according with material things or natural laws (other than those peculiar to living matter); "a reflex response to physical stimuli"
characterized by energetic bodily activity; "a very physical dance performance"
concerned with material things; "physical properties"; "the physical characteristics of the earth"; "the physical size of a computer"
having substance or material existence; perceptible to the senses; "a physical manifestation"; "surrounded by tangible objects"
involving the body as distinguished from the mind or spirit; "physical exercise"; "physical suffering"; "was sloppy about everything but her physical appearance"
being essentially equal to something; "it was as good as gold"; "a wish that was equivalent to a command"; "his statement was tantamount to an admission of guilt" (同)tantamount
the atomic weight of an element that has the same combining capacity as a given weight of another element; the standard is 8 for oxygen (同)equivalent_weight, combining weight, eq
a person or thing equal to another in value or measure or force or effect or significance etc; "send two dollars or the equivalent in stamps"
German physicist who discovered x-rays and developed roentgenography (1845-1923) (同)Wilhelm Konrad Roentgen, Rontgen, Wilhelm Konrad Rontgen
a unit of radiation exposure; the dose of ionizing radiation that will produce 1 electrostatic unit of electricity in 1 cc of dry air (同)R

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『身体の,肉体の』(bodily) / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》『物質の』(material);『自然[界]の』 / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》『物理学の』,物理的な;自然科学の / 身体検査(physical examination)
同等の,同量の,同価の / 同等(同価,同量)の物;(文法で)(…の)相当語句《+『for(of)』+『名』》
《古》医薬,(特に)下剤 / …‘に'薬を飲ませる

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/04/25 09:09:08」(JST)

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The Röntgen equivalent physical or rep (symbol rep) is a unit of absorbed dose first introduced by Herbert Parker in 1945 to replace an improper application of the roentgen unit to biological tissue.^[1] It is the absorbed energetic dose before the biological efficiency of the radiation is factored in. The rep has variously been defined as 83 or 93 ergs per gram of tissue (8.3/9.3 mGy)^[2] or per cm³ of tissue.^[3] At the time, this was thought to be the amount of energy deposited by 1 roentgen.^[4] Improved measurements have since found that one roentgen of air kerma deposits 8.77 mGy in dry air, or 9.6 mGy in soft tissue, but the rep was defined as a fixed number of ergs per unit gram.^[5] A 1952 handbook from the US National Bureau of Standards affirms that "The numerical coefficient of the rep has been deliberately changed to 93, instead of the earlier 83, to agree with L. H. Gray's 'energy-unit'."^[6] It is unclear what was meant by Gray's 'energy unit', since the gray was not defined until the 1970s; perhaps the gram-roentgen he introduced in 1940? The rep was commonly used until the 1960s,^[7] but was gradually displaced by the rad starting in 1954 and later the gray starting in 1977.

References

^ Cantrill, S.T; H.M. Parker (1945-01-05). The Tolerance Dose. Argonne National Laboratory: US Atomic Energy Commission. Retrieved 14 May 2012. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help)
^ Dunning, John R.; et al (1957). A Glossary of Terms in Nuclear Science and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Retrieved 14 May 2012. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help)
^ Bertram, V. A. Low-Beer (1950). The clinical use of radioactive isotopes. Thomas. Retrieved 14 May 2012.
^ Anderson, Elda E. (March 1952). "Units of Radiation and Radioactivity". Public Health Reports 67 (3): 293–297. Retrieved 18 November 2012.
^ "APPENDIX E: Roentgens, RADs, REMs, and other Units". Princeton University Radiation Safety Guide. Princeton University. Retrieved 10 May 2012.
^ National Bureau of Standards (1952). Radiological Monitoring Methods and Instruments 51. US Department of Commerce. Retrieved 16 November 2012.
^ US patent 3568311, Elliott J. Lawton, "INSULATING AND SPACING ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTIVE MEMBERS", published 1971-03-09, issued 1971-03-01, assigned to General Electric Company

UpToDate Contents

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1. 成人における放射線障害の生物学および臨床的特徴 biology and clinical features of radiation injury in adults
2. 小児における放射線被曝の臨床的特徴 clinical features of radiation exposure in children
3. 原子力災害後の小児における放射線被曝のマネージメント management of radiation exposure in children following a nuclear disaster
4. 妊娠中の画像診断の手順 diagnostic imaging procedures during pregnancy
5. 妊婦における内視鏡的逆行性胆管膵管造影（ERCP） endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography ercp in pregnancy

English Journal

Effective doses from panoramic radiography and CBCT (cone beam CT) using dose area product (DAP) in dentistry.

Shin HS1, Nam KC, Park H, Choi HU, Kim HY, Park CS.
Dento maxillo facial radiology.Dentomaxillofac Radiol.2014;43(5):20130439. doi: 10.1259/dmfr.20130439. Epub 2014 Mar 10.
PMID 24845340