ringlet

　 　 　

WordNet

1. any of various butterflies belonging to the family Satyridae (同)ringlet butterfly
2. a small ring
3. (of hair) shaped into ringlets

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 巻き毛 / 《古》小輪,小環

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/10/27 06:48:09」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

This article concerns the butterfly. For the feminine hairstyle, see Ringlet (haircut).

Ringlet
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Family:	Nymphalidae
Genus:	Aphantopus
Species:	A. hyperantus
Binomial name
Aphantopus hyperantus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Note that information on this species applies to Western Europe and some details may not be consistent with the species in other parts of its range.

The Ringlet (Aphantopus hyperantus) is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is only one of the numerous "ringlet" butterflies in the tribe Satyrini.

Range

The Ringlet Aphantopus hyperantus is a widely distributed species found throughout much of the Palearctic ecozone.In Europe it is common in most countries but absent from northern Scandinavia, peninsular Italy (found in North Italy) , Portugal, Southern and central Spain (found in Cantabrian Mountains and the eastern Pyrenees), the Mediterranean islands and North Africa.In Greece it is found in Northern regions (Macedonia , Thessaly ) Beyond Europe it is found across much of temperate Asia including Russia, Siberia, Mongolia, China and Korea.

Caterpillar

Description

Imago.Upperside

Aphantopus hyperantus and similar species depicted in K. Eckstein Die Schmetterlinge Deutschlands

Aphantopus hyperantus is a medium-sized butterfly with a wingspan of up to 35 to 42 millimeters. The wing upper and lower sides are solid brown with small, yellowish-rimmed eye-spots . The number and size of the eye spots is variable, they may be missing on the upper wing surface. In central Europe and southern England the rare form arete occurs. The eggs are pale yellow when first laid, but become pale brown.

The caterpillars are about 25 millimeters long. They are grey or light reddish brown and have dark, reddish brown and very fine dots.Dorsally there is a dark longitudinal line, which is widened at the segment boundaries. Toward the rear, this line is more intensely colored. The head is darker and has several faint longitudinal stripes.

Subspecies

Status uncertain

• ssp. hyperantus Linnaeus, 1758 - West Europe The type locality is Sweden

• ssp. sibiricus Obraztsov, 1936 - the Altai, South Siberia and Transbaikalia

• ssp. sajana (O. Bang-Haas, 1906) - the Sayan Mountains

• ssp. ocellata (Butler, 1882) (= amurensis Staudinger, 1892; = insularis Kurentzov, 1966) - the Amur and Ussuri

• ssp. arctica (Seitz, 1909) - North Europe

Aphantopus hyperantus Habitat. Ireland

Habitat

They live in grassy, moist or dry forest clearings with bushes but not in open places. There is a strong degree of attachment to woodland edges and blackberry bushes. The insect can also be very common where there are creeping thistles (Cirsium arvense) or swamp thistles (Cirsium palustre), oregano (Origanum vulgare), Forest scabious (Knautia sylvatica), or hogweed (Heracleum sphondylium) which are favourite foodplants of the imagos. The males fly in search of newly hatched females in slow, uninterrupted flight and flutter round , about and between grass stems.

Flight Time

The imagos fly in one generation from mid June to late August.

Food of the larva

The caterpillars feed on many grasses.Among the food plants are:

• Brachypodium sylvaticum
• Brachypodium pinnatum
• Phleum pratense
• Dactylis glomerata
• Festuca rubra
• Bromus erectus
• Bromus hordeaceus
• Cynosurus cristatus
• Poa pratensis
• Poa nemoralis
• Carex hirta
• Carex strigosa
• Carex sylvatic
• Carex brizoides
• Carex panice
• Agrostis capillaris
• Lilium effusum
• Agropyron repens
• Holcus mollis
• Holcus lanatus
• Deschampsia cespitosa
• Molinia caerulea
• Arrhenatherum elatius
• Calamagrostis epigejos

Development and Biology

The female scatters non-adhesive eggs in a slow low flight over grasslands. The larva is nocturnal.There are 4 moults. The larva hibernates while in the 3rd instar, breaking diapause to feed on warm winter evenings during the winter. Feeding resumes in the spring. The pupa stands generally upright in a flimsy silk cocoon, at the base of a grass tussock.This stage lasts for 2 weeks.A. hyperantus is generally considered to have a closed population structure since it occurring in small, well-defined populations

Etymology

hyperantus is Greek hyper means beyond, over, above. anthos means flower. Also husband of one of the Daughters of Danaus

Sources

• Tom Tolman, Richard Lewington The Butterflies of Europe and Northwest Africa. Nabu-Kosmos, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-440-07573-7 *Heiko Bellmann Der neue Kosmos-Schmetterlingsführer, Schmetterlinge, Raupen und Futterpflanzen. Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2003ISBN 3-440-09330-1
• Günter Ebert, Erwin Rennwald (Hrsg.) Tagfalter. 2. Spezieller Teil: Satyridae, Libytheidae, Lycaenidae, Hesperiidae. In: Die Schmetterlinge Baden-Württembergs. 1. Auflage. Band 2, Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1991, ISBN 3-8001-3459-4.

External links

• Eurobutterflies Matt Rowlings
• European Butterflies and Moths by Christopher Jonko
• Moths and Butterflies of Europe and North Africa
• UK Butterflies

English Journal

• The influence of early-phase remodeling events on the biomechanical properties of engineered vascular tissues.

• Tosun Z, Villegas-Montoya C, McFetridge PS.SourceJ Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-6131, USA.
• Journal of vascular surgery : official publication, the Society for Vascular Surgery [and] International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter.J Vasc Surg.2011 Nov;54(5):1451-60. Epub 2011 Aug 27.
• OBJECTIVES: During the last decade, the use of ex vivo-derived materials designed as implant scaffolds has increased significantly. This is particularly so in the area of regenerative medicine, or tissue engineering, where the natural chemical and biomechanical properties have been shown to be advan
• PMID 21872418

• Mountain coniferous forests, refugia and butterflies.

• Varga Z.SourceDepartment Evolutionary Zoology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary. zvarga@tigris.unideb.hu
• Molecular ecology.Mol Ecol.2008 May;17(9):2101-3. Epub 2008 Apr 2.
• The boreal coniferous forests form the most extended vegetation zone of the Northern Hemisphere. As opposed to North America, they are disconnected from the mountain coniferous forests in Europe, because of the dominant east-west direction of the mountain chains. Consequently, the mountain forests s
• PMID 18397217

• The genetic structure of the mountain forest butterfly Erebia euryale unravels the late Pleistocene and postglacial history of the mountain coniferous forest biome in Europe.

• Schmitt T, Haubrich K.SourceBiogeographie, Universität Trier, Wissenschaftspark Trier-Petrisberg Gebäude 24, D-54286 Trier, Germany. thsh@uni-trier.de
• Molecular ecology.Mol Ecol.2008 May;17(9):2194-207. Epub 2008 Feb 5.
• The distribution of the mountain coniferous forest biome in Europe throughout time is not sufficiently understood. One character species of this habitat type is the large ringlet, Erebia euryale well reflecting the extension of this biome today, and the genetic differentiation of this species among
• PMID 18266631

Japanese Journal

• LaFeAsO as a Self Doped Spin-1 Mott Insulator : Quantum String Liquid State and Superconductivity(Condensed matter: electronic structure and electrical, magnetic, and optical properties)

• BASKARAN Ganapathy
• Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 77(11), "113713-1"-"113713-4", 2008-11-15
• … External doping in LaFeAsO_<1-x>F_x kills long range antiferromagnetic order and stabilises a liquid of quantum ringlet strings (spin-1 Haldane chain). …
• NAID 110006983735

• 第四紀日本列島におけるベニヒカゲの分布変遷史

• 中谷 貴壽,宇佐美 真一,伊藤 建夫
• 蝶と蛾 58(3), 253-275, 2007-06-30
• 日本列島に分布する高山性生物が,いつどのようなプロセスを経て大陸から渡来したか,また第四紀の気候変動に適応して列島内でどのような分布の変遷を経たかについては,古くから多くの考察がなされてきたが化石の残りにくい生物についての研究は少ない.最近の分子情報に基づく研究では高山植物エゾコザクラとヨツバシオガマに関するものがある.いずれの種も本州に南北2系統が存在しその境界は東北地方にある.このような分布状 …
• NAID 110007034350

• 第四紀日本列島におけるベニヒカゲの分布変遷史

• 中谷 貴壽,宇佐美 真一,伊藤 建夫
• 蝶と蛾 58(3), 253-273, 2007-06-30
• NAID 40015558525

Related Links

• Project Ringlet

Ringlet Fantasyのページを更新しました。 2011/10/02. Sound Player Lilith for Unicode OSsのFaceを作ってもらいました。 ダウンロードはこちらからどうぞ。 おやっ さん、どうもありがとうございます。 2011/09/12. Ringletのページを更新しました。 2011 /09/01 ...

• Amazon.co.jp： Ringlet (バーズコミックススペシャル): むらかわ みちお: 本

Amazon.co.jp： Ringlet (バーズコミックススペシャル): むらかわ みちお: 本.

Related Pictures