WordNet

in or relating to the retina of the eye; "retinal cells"
the innermost light-sensitive membrane covering the back wall of the eyeball; it is continuous with the optic nerve

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(目の)網膜
出血,(特に)大量出血 / 多量に出血する

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/05/21 22:27:15」(JST)

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Retinal hemorrhage is a disorder of the eye in which bleeding occurs into the light sensitive tissue on the back wall of the eye. A retinal hemorrhage can be caused by hypertension, retinal vein occlusion (a blockage of a retinal vein), or diabetes mellitus (which causes small fragile blood vessels to form, which are easily damaged). Retinal hemorrhages can also occur due to shaking, particularly in young infants (shaken baby syndrome) or from severe blows to the head.

Retinal hemorrhages that take place outside the macula can go undetected for many years, and may sometimes only be picked up when the eye is examined in detail by ophthalmoscopy, fundus photography, or a dilated fundus exam. However, some retinal hemorrhages can cause severe impairment of vision. They may occur in connection with posterior vitreous detachment or retinal detachment.

Signs/symptoms

Cause

Diagnosis

A retinal haemorrhage is generally diagnosed by using an ophthalmoscope or fundus camera in order to examine the inside of the eye. A fluorescent dye is often injected into the patient's bloodstream beforehand so the administering ophthalmologist can have a more detailed view of the blood vessels in the retina.^[1]

The fluorescent dye can have dangerous side effects: see Fluorescein

Treatment

Retinal haemorrhages, especially mild ones not associated with chronic disease, will normally resorb without treatment. Laser surgery is a treatment option which uses a laser beam to seal off damaged blood vessels in the retina.^[2] Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs like Avastin and Lucentis have also been shown to repair retinal haemorrhaging in diabetic patients and patients with haemorrhages associated with new vessel growth.^[3]^[4]

References

^ http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Retinal+hemorrhage^{[full citation needed]}
^ http://www.laretinasurgeon.com/retinal-bleeding.aspx^{[full citation needed]}
^ Spaide RF, Fisher YL (March 2006). "Intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy complicated by vitreous hemorrhage". Retina. 26 (3): 275–8. doi:10.1097/00006982-200603000-00004. PMID 16508426.
^ http://www.webmd.com/eye-health/macular-degeneration/anti-vegf-medicines-for-wet-age-related-macular-degeneration-amd^{[full citation needed]}

External links

Currie, A D M; Bentley, C. R.; Bloom, P. A. (2001). "Short report: Retinal haemorrhage and fatal stroke in an infant with fibromuscular dysplasia". Archives of Disease in Childhood. 84 (3): 263–4. doi:10.1136/adc.84.3.263. PMC 1718691 . PMID 11207180.
Zuccoli, Giulio; Panigrahy, Ashok; Haldipur, Anshul; Willaman, Dennis; Squires, Janet; Wolford, Jennifer; Sylvester, Christin; Mitchell, Ellen; Lope, Lee Ann; Nischal, Ken K.; Berger, Rachel P. (2013). "Susceptibility weighted imaging depicts retinal hemorrhages in abusive head trauma". Neuroradiology. 55 (7): 889–93. doi:10.1007/s00234-013-1180-7. PMC 3713254 . PMID 23568702.
http://www.mynewsletterbuilder.com/email/newsletter/1412104797 : Watterson vs Aro; Electronic Harassment Devices used to blind a human subject causing Retinal Hemorrhaging.

in blood Sonic X story Cream have this disease

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1. 児童虐待：虐待による頭部外傷後の網膜出血の解剖学および病因 child abuse anatomy and pathogenesis of retinal hemorrhages after abusive head trauma
2. 全身性疾患および感染に関連した網膜血管炎 retinal vasculitis associated with systemic disorders and infections
3. 児童虐待：小児における虐待による頭部外傷（AHT）の眼の所見 child abuse eye findings in children with abusive head trauma aht
4. 高血圧の眼への影響 ocular effects of hypertension
5. 網膜静脈閉塞：疫学、臨床症状、および診断 retinal vein occlusion epidemiology clinical manifestations and diagnosis

English Journal

Detection and Differentiation of Intraretinal Hemorrhage in Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography.

Munk MR1, Dunavoelgyi R1, Baratsits M1, Matt G1, Montuoro A1,2, Buehl W1, Schmidt-Erfurth U1, Sacu S1; Macula Study Group.
Current eye research.Curr Eye Res.2015 Oct;40(10):1046-54. doi: 10.3109/02713683.2014.971931. Epub 2014 Oct 20.
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to classify and detect intraretinal hemorrhage (IRH) in spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).METHODS: Initially the presentation of IRH in BRVO-patients in SD-OCT was described by one reader comparing color-fundus (CF) and SD-OCT using dedicate
PMID 25329527

Subretinal injection of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator for submacular hemorrhage associated with ruptured retinal arterial macroaneurysm.

Inoue M1, Shiraga F2, Shirakata Y3, Morizane Y2, Kimura S2, Hirakata A4.
Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv für klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie.Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol.2015 Oct;253(10):1663-9. doi: 10.1007/s00417-014-2861-6. Epub 2014 Nov 25.
PURPOSE: To evaluate the surgical outcomes of small-gauge vitrectomy with subretinal injection of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) for a submacular hemorrhage caused by a ruptured retinal arterial macroaneurysm (RAM).METHODS: Non-comparative, consecutive case-series performed at two
PMID 25418034

Intravitreal Bevacizumab for Traumatic Choroidal Rupture.

Kim M1, Kim JH, Seo Y, Koh HJ, Lee SC.
Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry.Optom Vis Sci.2015 Oct;92(10):e363-7. doi: 10.1097/OPX.0000000000000677.
PURPOSE: To report a case of visual loss associated with traumatic choroidal rupture after blunt ocular trauma that was successfully treated with an early intravitreal bevacizumab injection despite the absence of choroidal neovascularization (CNV).CASE REPORT: A 14-year-old boy presented with visual
PMID 26367340

Japanese Journal

CLINICAL INVESTIGATION : Treatment of macular hemorrhage in retinal arterial microaneurysm : anatomic site-oriented therapy

Kitagawa Yorihisa,Kawamorita Akiyo,Shimada Hiroyuki,Nakashizuka Hiroyuki
Japanese journal of ophthalmology : the official international journal of the Japanese Ophthalmological Society 63(2), 186-196, 2019-03
NAID 40021842027

臨床報告網膜硝子体出血により牽引性網膜剝離をきたした再生不良性貧血の1例

長谷川綾華,今泉寛子,宮本寛知,清水美穂,木下貴正,岩﨑将典,森潤也,畑中彬良,渡邊真弓,宮部靖子
臨床眼科 72(13), 1709-1714, 2018-12
NAID 40021732193

〈Case Reports〉A rare case of a severe ocular complication as an initial presentation of adolescent-onset systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report

Kotani Yuki,Miyazaki Kohei,Enya Takuji,Miyazawa Tomoki,Okada Mitsuru,Sugimoto Keisuke
ACTA MEDICA KINDAI UNIVERSITY = The Kindai University Medical Association 43(2), 81-88, 2018-12
… Photocoagulation therapy was also performed to prevent vitreous hemorrhage and retinal detachment. …
NAID 120006646400