relish

　 　 　

WordNet

1. the taste experience when a savoury condiment is taken into the mouth (同)flavor, flavour, sapidity, savor, savour, smack, nip, tang
2. spicy or savory condiment
3. relish of chopped (usually sweet) pickles

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 〈U〉〈C〉(食物の独特の)風味 / 〈C〉〈U〉調味料,薬味 / 〈U〉《通例否定文で》(…に対する)興味,好み《+『for』+『名』》 / 〈U〉》時にa~》おもしろみ,興趣 / 〈物・事〉‘を'楽しむ,好む / (…の)味がする,風味がある《+『of』+『名』》
2. きらうこと,嫌悪 / …‘を'きらう,嫌悪する

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/03/09 19:22:49」(JST)

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For other uses, see Relish (disambiguation).

Three relishes are used here to accompany Nshima (in the top right), a cornmeal product in African cuisine

A relish is a cooked, pickled, or chopped vegetable or fruit food item typically used as a condiment in particular to enhance a staple. It originated in India and has since become popular throughout the world. Examples are jams, chutneys, and the North American "relish," a pickled cucumber jam eaten with hot dogs or hamburgers.

Description and ingredients

Kyopolou (Кьопоолу), a relish from the Balkans made from red bell peppers, eggplant and garlic

The item generally consists of discernible vegetable or fruit pieces in a sauce, although the sauce is subordinate in character to the vegetable or fruit pieces. It might consist of a single type of vegetable or fruit, or a combination of these. These fruits or vegetables might be coarsely or finely chopped, but generally a relish is not as smooth as a sauce-type condiment, such as ketchup. The overall taste sensation might be sweet or savory, hot or mild, but it is always a strong flavor that complements or adds to the primary food item with which it is served.

Relish probably came about from the need to preserve vegetables in the winter. In India (where the preparation originated from), this generally includes either vegetables, herbs or fruits.^{[citation needed]}

In the United States, the most common commercially available relishes are made from pickled cucumbers and are known in the food trade as pickle relishes. Two variants of this are hamburger relish (pickle relish in a ketchup base or sauce) and hotdog relish (pickle relish in a mustard base or sauce). Other readily available commercial relishes in the United States include corn (maize) relish. Heinz, Vlasic, and Claussen are well known in the United States as producers of pickles and relishes. One of the best known pickle manufacturers in the UK is Branston.

A notable relish is the Gentleman's Relish, which was invented in 1828 by Ben Elvin and contains spiced anchovy. It is traditionally spread sparingly atop unsalted butter on toast.

Within North America, relish is much more commonly used in Canada and Alaska than in the contiguous United States on food items such as hamburgers or hot dogs. American-based fast food chains do not normally put relish on hamburgers even at their locations in Canada and Alaska, whereas Canadian fast food chains (such as Harvey's) do have it as a regular option just like ketchup, mustard, etc. American-based fast food chains use regular pickles to a greater extent. If it is offered as an option at Canadian locations of American-based fast food restaurants (e.g. Wendy's), it is generally offered in individually portioned packets rather than added atop the burger. Restaurants, fast food franchises and sports stadiums in Canada prominently offer relish as a topping on hamburgers and hot dogs along with ketchup and mustard, whereas this is less common in most of the United States (although there is variation within the United States.)

Varieties

This is an incomplete list, which may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.

Mostarda di Cremona

Red pepper relish

This is a list of notable relishes.

• Ajika
• Ajvar
• Achar
• Atchara
• Bostongurka
• Biber salçası
• Branston (food)
• Chow-chow – made with cabbage, this Chinese-inspired sweet relish became popular in the southern United States and is often eaten with a bowl of pinto beans
• Chrain
• Chutney
• Cranberry sauce
• Ćwikła – Polish beet relish
• Dill
• Lecsó
• Ljutenica
• Kachumbari – common in East Africa
• Mixed pickles
• Mostarda
• Muhammara
• Matbucha
• Pear
• Piccalilli
• Pinđur
• Salsa
• Sauerkraut
• Tartar sauce
• Zacuscă

See also

• List of pickled foods
• Food portal

References

• Pickles To Relish - Beverly Ellen Schoonmaker Alfeld, Ron Couch - Google Books

External links

• Relishes at recipe source
• USDA Standards for Grades of Pickles (including relishes)

English Journal

• Epithelial Immune Response in Drosophila Malpighian Tubules: Interplay between Diap2 and Ion Channels.

• Verma P, Tapadia MG.Author information Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005, India.AbstractSystemic immune response via the Immune deficiency pathway requires Drosophila inhibitor of apoptosis protein 2 to activate the NF-κB transcription factor Relish. Malpighian tubules (MTs), simple epithelial tissue, are the primary excretory organs, performing additional role in providing protection to Drosophila against pathogenic infections. MTs hold a strategic position in Drosophila as one of the larval tissues that are carried over to adults, unlike other larval tissues that are histolysed during pupation. In this paper we show that Diap2 is an important regulator of local epithelial immune response in MTs and depletion of Diap2 from MTs, increases susceptibility of flies to infection. In the absence of Diap2, activation and translocation of Relish to the nucleus is abolished and as a consequence the production of IMD pathway dependent AMPs are reduced. Ion channels, (Na+ /K+ )-ATPase and V-ATPase, are important for the immune response of MTs and expression of AMPs and the IMD pathway genes are impaired on inhibition of transporters, and they restrict the translocation of Relish into the nucleus. We show that Diap2 could be regulating ion channels, as loss of Diap2 consequently reduces the expression of ion channels and affects the balance of ion concentrations which results in reduced uric acid deposition. Thus Diap2 seems to be a key regulator of epithelial immune response in MTs, perhaps by modulating ion channels. J. Cell. Physiol. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
• Journal of cellular physiology.J Cell Physiol.2013 Dec 20. doi: 10.1002/jcp.24541. [Epub ahead of print]
• Systemic immune response via the Immune deficiency pathway requires Drosophila inhibitor of apoptosis protein 2 to activate the NF-κB transcription factor Relish. Malpighian tubules (MTs), simple epithelial tissue, are the primary excretory organs, performing additional role in providing protection
• PMID 24374974

• p120 Catenin Is Required for the Stress Response in Drosophila.

• Stefanatos RK, Bauer C, Vidal M.Author information Drosophila Approaches to Cancer Laboratory, The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom.Abstractp120ctn is a ubiquitously expressed core component of cadherin junctions and essential for vertebrate development. Surprisingly, Drosophila p120ctn (dp120ctn) is dispensable for adherens junctions and development, which has discouraged Drosophila researchers from further pursuing the biological role of dp120ctn. Here we demonstrate that dp120ctn loss results in increased heat shock sensitivity and reduced animal lifespan, which are completely rescued by ectopic expression of a dp120ctn-GFP transgene. Transcriptomic analysis revealed multiple relish/NF-κB target genes differentially expressed upon loss of dp120ctn. Importantly, this aberrant gene expression was rescued by overexpression of dp120ctn-GFP or heterozygosity for relish. Our results uncover a novel role for dp120ctn in the regulation of animal stress response and immune signalling. This may represent an ancient role of p120ctn and can influence further studies in Drosophila and mammals.
• PloS one.PLoS One.2013 Dec 12;8(12):e83942. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083942.
• p120ctn is a ubiquitously expressed core component of cadherin junctions and essential for vertebrate development. Surprisingly, Drosophila p120ctn (dp120ctn) is dispensable for adherens junctions and development, which has discouraged Drosophila researchers from further pursuing the biological role
• PMID 24349561

• The effects of pectins on life span and stress resistance in Drosophila melanogaster.

• Shaposhnikov M, Latkin D, Plyusnina E, Shilova L, Danilov A, Popov S, Zhavoronkov A, Ovodov Y, Moskalev A.Author information Laboratory of Molecular Radiobiology and Gerontology, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kommunisticheskaya St.28, Syktyvkar, 167982, Russia.AbstractThe composition of diet is one of the major determining factors for lifespan. The dietary pectins are known to have anti-inflammatory properties and may influence aging and longevity. Here we demonstrate the lifespan-extending effect of the low methyl esterified (LM) commercial pectins CU701 and AU701 in wild-type strain of Drosophila melanogaster. The high methyl esterified (HM) pectin CU201 did not affect lifespan. LM pectin did not increase lifespan of males with a mutation in the Toll adaptor Myd88 gene and in both males and females with a mutation in the NF-κB ortholog Relish. LM pectin CU701 increased imagoes survival in stress conditions (oxidation, hyperthermia and starvation). However, the fertility of LM and HM pectins treated flies decreased. The treatment of the imagoes with LH and HM pectins induced the activation of whole-body expression of genes involved in DNA repair (D-GADD45, mei-9, spn-B), apoptosis (wrinkled/hid) and heat shock response (hsp70Aa). In contrast, the expression of proinflammatory PARP-1 gene decreased. In the intestines LH and HM pectins induced the mRNA expression of the NF-κB-dependent antimicrobial genes Defensin, Drosomycin and Metchnikowin. These results indicate that the observed lifespan-extending effect of the LM pectins may be mediated by intracellular pathways that involve NF-κB signalling and activation of stress resistance genes.
• Biogerontology.Biogerontology.2013 Dec 4. [Epub ahead of print]
• The composition of diet is one of the major determining factors for lifespan. The dietary pectins are known to have anti-inflammatory properties and may influence aging and longevity. Here we demonstrate the lifespan-extending effect of the low methyl esterified (LM) commercial pectins CU701 and AU7
• PMID 24305778

• Identification and functional studies of Akirin, a potential positive nuclear factor of NF-κB signaling pathways in the Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei.

• Hou F, Wang X, Qian Z, Liu Q, Liu Y, He S, Mi X, Bai C, Sun C, Liu X.Author information College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China.AbstractAs conserved nuclear factors, Akirins play critical roles in regulating antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) transcription downstream of NF-κB dependent signaling pathways in insects and mammals. However, no any functional studies was reported in penaeid shrimp. The identification and functional analysis of Akirin in the Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei were made in this research. The 833 nucleotides cDNA of Litopenaeus vannamei Akirin (LvAkirin) was obtained with an open reading frame of 639 bp, which encodes a putative protein of 212 amino acids. The molecular weight of LvAkirin is about 23.7 kDa with theoretical pI of 9.05. Two predicted nuclear localization signals (NLSs) were found and amino acid sequence alignments showed that Akirins are highly conserved between insects and mammals. The constitutive expression of LvAkirin mRNA was confirmed in all the examined tissues and high level appeared in testis followed by hemocytes and gill. LvAkirin mRNA was strongly induced in response to Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection. Silencing LvAkirin by dsRNA significantly reduced the expression of NF-κB dependent anti-lipopolysaccharide factor, crustin and penaeidin3a as well as transcription factors, Dorsal and Relish post Vibrio anguillarum (V. anguillarum) and Micrococcus lysodeikticus (M. lysodeikticus) challenge. Antibacterial activities of shrimp plasma was analyzed and high cumulative mortality was found in LvAkirin-silenced shrimps post bacteria challenge. Hence, we proposed LvAkirin might function as a positive nuclear factor of NF-κB dependent signaling pathways in shrimp innate immunity.
• Developmental and comparative immunology.Dev Comp Immunol.2013 Dec;41(4):703-14. doi: 10.1016/j.dci.2013.08.005. Epub 2013 Aug 17.
• As conserved nuclear factors, Akirins play critical roles in regulating antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) transcription downstream of NF-κB dependent signaling pathways in insects and mammals. However, no any functional studies was reported in penaeid shrimp. The identification and functional analysis
• PMID 23962743

Japanese Journal

• Molecular cloning and expression analysis of Relish gene from the ridgetail white prawn Exopalaemon carinicauda

• Fisheries science 81(4), 699-711, 2015-07
• NAID 40020530235

• 中学生時期の食事状況が生活充実感に及ぼす影響:―日本と中国山東省の大学生の比較を通して―

• 日本食生活学会誌 25(2), 105-114, 2014
• NAID 130004701692

• The Scientifically Minded : A Play by Hirata Oriza

• 西洋比較演劇研究 12(1), 19-28, 2013
• NAID 130003379067

• Gene Expression of a Novel Defensin Antimicrobial Peptide in the Silkworm, Bombyx mori

• Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry 72(9), 2353-2361, 2008-09-23
• NAID 10027531962

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