realism

　 　 　

WordNet

1. the attribute of accepting the facts of life and favoring practicality and literal truth (同)pragmatism
2. (philosophy) the philosophical doctrine that physical objects continue to exist when not perceived (同)naive realism
3. a 20th century movement of artists and writers (developing out of dadaism) who used fantastic images and incongruous juxtapositions in order to represent unconscious thoughts and dreams
4. a literary or artistic genre in which realistic narrative or meticulously realistic painting are combined with surreal elements of fantasy or dreams

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 現実主義 / 写実主義,リアリズム / 実在論
2. (文芸,芸術の)起現実主義,シュールレアリズム

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/10/26 10:48:18」(JST)

wiki ja

[Wiki ja表示]

『Realism』
崎谷健次郎 の スタジオ・アルバム
ジャンル	J-POP
レーベル	PONY CANYON・SEE-SAW D32A-0354
プロデュース	崎谷健次郎
チャート最高順位
12位（オリコン）
崎谷健次郎 年表
DIFFERENCE （1987年） Realism （1988年） KISS OF LIFE （1989年）

『Realism』（リアリズム）は、崎谷健次郎の通算2枚目のオリジナル・アルバム。1988年3月21日に発売された。

概要

• 「もう一度夜を止めて」は、「シチズン・LIGHT HOUSE」テレビコマーシャルソング。
• プロデュースは、崎谷健次郎。

収録曲

1. GO INTO THE TV

   作詞・作曲・編曲：崎谷健次郎

2. THIS TIME

   作詞・作曲・編曲：崎谷健次郎

3. 7TH AVE.

   作詞：有木林子、作曲・編曲：崎谷健次郎

4. WITH

   作詞：有木林子、作曲・編曲：崎谷健次郎

5. THE FLESH

   作詞：有木林子、作曲・編曲：崎谷健次郎

6. ラベンダーの中で

   作詞：有木林子、作曲・編曲：崎谷健次郎、ストリングスアレンジ：倉田信雄

7. 夏の午后

   作詞：有木林子、作曲：崎谷健次郎、編曲：崎谷健次郎・鳥山雄司

8. 6月・絵と君と

   作詞：有木林子、作曲・編曲：崎谷健次郎

9. 水に眠る

   作詞：有木林子、作曲・編曲：崎谷健次郎

10. 不安定な月

    作詞：有木林子、作曲：崎谷健次郎、編曲：崎谷健次郎・武部聡志

11. (REQUEST)もう一度夜を止めて

    作詞：秋元康、作曲：崎谷健次郎、編曲：崎谷健次郎・武部聡志

関連作品

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

This article is about the use of the term realism in philosophy, science, and the arts. For other uses, see Realism (disambiguation).

Realism takes on various meanings, depending on the context in which the term is used. It is always related to some form of reality. In philosophy, Realism, or Realist or Realistic, are terms that describe manifestations of philosophical realism, the belief that reality exists independently of observers. Scientific realism and Realism in the arts are two of a number of different senses the words take in other fields. In this broad sense Realism frequently contrasts with Idealism.

Philosophical realism

Main article: Philosophical realism

Realism is a philosophy of mind rooted in the "common sense" philosophy of perception known as naive realism, which has been developed as "direct" realism when distinguished from representative realism, the view that we cannot perceive the external world directly. Critical realism is the philosophy of perception concerned with the accuracy of human sense-data. In epistemology realism is accounted a subcategory of objectivism. Hyper-realism or Hyperreality, on the other hand, doubts the inability of consciousness to distinguish reality from fantasy. Transcendental realism is a concept implying that individuals have a perfect understanding of the limitations of their own minds. Realism is not the thought of being actual.

In metaphysics Platonic realism de philosophy articulated by Plato, positing the existence of universals. Moderate realism is a position holding that there is no realm where universals exist. New realism denotes a school of early 20th-century epistemology rejecting epistemological dualism and Organic realism or the Organism, describes the metaphysics of Alfred North Whitehead, now known as process philosophy. Australian realism or Australian materialism is a 20th Century school of philosophy in Australia. Truth-value link realism is a metaphysical concept explaining how to understand parts of the world that are apparently cognitively inaccessible.

Cornell realism is a view in meta-ethics associated with the work of Richard Boyd and others.Quasi-realism is an expressivist meta-ethical theory which asserts that though our moral claims are projectivist we understand them in realist terms. In religious philosophy Christian Realism was advocated by Reinhold Niebuhr and mystical realism, a philosophy concerning the nature of the divine, was advanced by Nikolai Berdyaev. Constructive realism and entity realism are philosophical positions within scientific realism. Modal realism is a philosophy propounded by David Lewis, that possible worlds are as real as the actual world

Scientific realism

Scientific realism is, at the most general level, the view that the world described by science (perhaps ideal science) is the real world, as it is, independent of what we might take it to be. Within philosophy of science, it is often framed as an answer to the question "how is the success of science to be explained?" The debate over what the success of science involves centers primarily on the status of unobservable entities apparently talked about by scientific theories. Generally, those who are scientific realists assert that one can make reliable claims about unobservables (viz., that they have the same ontological status) as observables, as opposed to instrumentalism.

Scientific realism involves two basic positions. First, it is a set of claims about the features of an ideal scientific theory; an ideal theory is the sort of theory science aims to produce. Second, it is the commitment that science will eventually produce theories very much like an ideal theory and that science has done pretty well thus far in some domains. It is important to note that one might be a scientific realist regarding some sciences while not being a realist regarding others. For example, one might hold realist attitudes toward physics, chemistry and biology, and not toward economics, psychology and sociology.

Socio-political realism

Legal realism is the theory that law is made by human beings and thus subject to human imperfections. Left realism and Right Realism are contrasting theories about the prevention and control of crime. Classical political realism holds that it is fundamentally the nature of man that pushes states and individuals to act in a way that places interests over ideologies while Liberal realism or the "English school of international relations theory" centres upon the theory that there exists a 'society of states'. Defensive realism is a theory that anarchy on the world stage causes states to increase their security while offensive realism takes the view that states will exploit opportunities to expand whenever they are presented. Neorealism or structural realism is theory that international structures act as a constraint on state behavior. Post-realism sees international realism as a particular rhetoric of international relations while Subaltern realism concerns the theory that Third World states are more concerned with short term gains.

Realism in the arts

Main article: Realism (arts)

Realism in theatre denotes any movement towards greater fidelity to real life, as in Kitchen sink realism, an English cultural movement in the 1950s and 1960s that concentrated on contemporary social realism, or Poetic realism, a film movement in France in the 1930s that used heightened aestheticism. In the visual arts the term denotes any approach that depicts what the eye can see, such as in American realism, a turn of the 20th century idea in arts, Classical Realism, an artistic movement in late 20th Century that valued beauty and artistic skill. Literary realism particularly denotes a 19th century literary movement. Neorealism is a movement emphasising realism in cinema and literature while the New Realism is an artistic movement founded in 1960 by Pierre Restany and Yves Klein. Romantic realism is an aesthetic art term popularized by writer/philosopher Ayn Rand. Aesthetic Realism is a philosophy founded by Eli Siegel.

Forms of political realism in the arts have included Nazi heroic realism or the art of the third Reich, a style of propaganda art associated with Nazi Germany, Social realism, an artistic movement which depicts working class activities, and Socialist realism, a style of propaganda art associated with Communism.

Photorealism is a genre of painting that resembles photography, Hyperrealism (painting) resembles high resolution photography while Pseudorealism, is a term coined by American film critics to describe films in which digital unreal images are created and amalgamated with regular scenes thereby creating an illusion that is difficult to distinguish from reality, or a genre of art initiated by Indian artist Devajyoti Ray where reality is approached via abstraction. Surrealism and Magic realism are artistic genres in which magical or impossible elements appear in an otherwise realistic setting.

See also

• Anti-realism
• Fantastic Realism (disambiguation)
• Irrealism (disambiguation)
• Magic realism
• Pseudorealism

References

UpToDate Contents

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• 上原專祿「主体性形成」論における認識深化の方法論理　－固有の「リアリズム」を醸成する認識の動態性－

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• 臨場感の設計・評価に関する新たなパラダイム (電子ディスプレイ)

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