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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/02/08 22:45:06」(JST)

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In optics, radiometry is a set of techniques for measuring electromagnetic radiation, including visible light. Radiometric techniques characterize the distribution of the radiation's power in space, as opposed to photometric techniques, which characterize the light's interaction with the human eye. Radiometry is distinct from quantum techniques such as photon counting.

Radiometry is important in astronomy, especially radio astronomy, and plays a significant role in Earth remote sensing. The measurement techniques categorized as radiometry in optics are called photometry in some astronomical applications, contrary to the optics usage of the term.

Spectroradiometry is the measurement of absolute radiometric quantities in narrow bands of wavelength.^[1]

SI radiometry units

Quantity		Unit		Dimension	Notes
Name	Symbol^{[nb 1]}	Name	Symbol	Symbol	Notes
Radiant energy	Q_e^{[nb 2]}	joule	J	M⋅L²⋅T⁻²	energy
Radiant flux	Φ_e^{[nb 2]}	watt	W	M⋅L²⋅T⁻³	radiant energy per unit time, also called radiant power.
Spectral power	Φ_eλ^{[nb 2]}^{[nb 3]}	watt per metre	W⋅m⁻¹	M⋅L⋅T⁻³	radiant power per wavelength.
Radiant intensity	I_e	watt per steradian	W⋅sr⁻¹	M⋅L²⋅T⁻³	power per unit solid angle.
Spectral intensity	I_eλ^{[nb 3]}	watt per steradian per metre	W⋅sr⁻¹⋅m⁻¹	M⋅L⋅T⁻³	radiant intensity per wavelength.
Radiance	L_e	watt per steradian per square metre	W⋅sr⁻¹⋅m⁻²	M⋅T⁻³	power per unit solid angle per unit projected source area. confusingly called "intensity" in some other fields of study.
Spectral radiance	L_eλ^{[nb 3]} or L_eν^{[nb 4]}	watt per steradian per metre³ or watt per steradian per square metre per hertz	W⋅sr⁻¹⋅m⁻³ or W⋅sr⁻¹⋅m⁻²⋅Hz⁻¹	M⋅L⁻¹⋅T⁻³ or M⋅T⁻²	commonly measured in W⋅sr⁻¹⋅m⁻²⋅nm⁻¹ with surface area and either wavelength or frequency.
Irradiance	E_e^{[nb 2]}	watt per square metre	W⋅m⁻²	M⋅T⁻³	power incident on a surface, also called radiant flux density. sometimes confusingly called "intensity" as well.
Spectral irradiance	E_eλ^{[nb 3]} or E_eν^{[nb 4]}	watt per metre³ or watt per square metre per hertz	W⋅m⁻³ or W⋅m⁻²⋅Hz⁻¹	M⋅L⁻¹⋅T⁻³ or M⋅T⁻²	commonly measured in W⋅m⁻²⋅nm⁻¹ or 10⁻²² W⋅m⁻²⋅Hz⁻¹, known as solar flux unit.^{[nb 5]}
Radiant exitance / Radiant emittance	M_e^{[nb 2]}	watt per square metre	W⋅m⁻²	M⋅T⁻³	power emitted from a surface.
Spectral radiant exitance / Spectral radiant emittance	M_eλ^{[nb 3]} or M_eν^{[nb 4]}	watt per metre³ or watt per square metre per hertz	W⋅m⁻³ or W⋅m⁻²⋅Hz⁻¹	M⋅L⁻¹⋅T⁻³ or M⋅T⁻²	power emitted from a surface per unit wavelength or frequency.
Radiosity	J_e	watt per square metre	W⋅m⁻²	M⋅T⁻³	emitted plus reflected power leaving a surface.
Spectral radiosity	J_eλ^{[nb 3]}	watt per metre³	W⋅m⁻³	M⋅L⁻¹⋅T⁻³	emitted plus reflected power leaving a surface per unit wavelength
Radiant exposure	H_e	joule per square metre	J⋅m⁻²	M⋅T⁻²	also referred to as fluence
Radiant energy density	ω_e	joule per metre³	J⋅m⁻³	M⋅L⁻¹⋅T⁻²
See also: SI · Radiometry · Photometry

^ Standards organizations recommend that radiometric quantities should be denoted with a suffix "e" (for "energetic") to avoid confusion with photometric or photon quantities.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Alternative symbols sometimes seen: W or E for radiant energy, P or F for radiant flux, I for irradiance, W for radiant emittance.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Spectral quantities given per unit wavelength are denoted with suffix "λ" (Greek) to indicate a spectral concentration. Spectral functions of wavelength are indicated by "(λ)" in parentheses instead, for example in spectral transmittance, reflectance and responsivity.
^ ^a ^b ^c Spectral quantities given per unit frequency are denoted with suffix "ν" (Greek)—not to be confused with the suffix "v" (for "visual") indicating a photometric quantity.
^ NOAA / Space Weather Prediction Center includes a definition of the solar flux unit (SFU).

References[edit]

^ Leslie D. Stroebel and Richard D. Zakia (1993). Focal Encyclopedia of Photography (3rd ed. ed.). Focal Press. p. 115. ISBN 0-240-51417-3.

External links[edit]

Radiometry and photometry FAQ Professor Jim Palmer's Radiometry FAQ page (The University of Arizona College of Optical Sciences).

This optics-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

English Journal

Satellite Microwave Remote Sensing for Environmental Modeling of Mosquito Population Dynamics.

Chuang TW, Henebry GM, Kimball JS, Vanroekel-Patton DL, Hildreth MB, Wimberly MC.SourceGeographic Information Science Center of Excellence, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, United States.
Remote sensing of environment.Remote Sens Environ.2012 Oct;125:147-156.
Environmental variability has important influences on mosquito life cycles and understanding the spatial and temporal patterns of mosquito populations is critical for mosquito control and vector-borne disease prevention. Meteorological data used for model-based predictions of mosquito abundance and
PMID 23049143

In vivo measurement of plaque neovascularisation and thermal heterogeneity in intermediate lesions of human carotid arteries.

Toutouzas K, Drakopoulou M, Aggeli C, Nikolaou C, Felekos I, Grassos H, Synetos A, Stathogiannis K, Karanasos A, Tsiamis E, Siores E, Stefanadis C.SourceHippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Heart (British Cardiac Society).Heart.2012 Sep 26. [Epub ahead of print]
OBJECTIVES: Both neoangiogenesis and inflammation contribute in atherosclerosis progression. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) provides visualisation of plaque neovascularisation. Microwave radiometry (MR) allows in vivo non-invasive measurement of temperature of tissues, reflecting inflammatory a
PMID 23014482