PrepTutorEJDIC

{形} / 放射線測定器の(による)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/11/03 00:49:03」(JST)

wiki en

In optics, radiometry is a set of techniques for measuring electromagnetic radiation, including visible light. Radiometric techniques characterize the distribution of the radiation's power in space, as opposed to photometric techniques, which characterize the light's interaction with the human eye. Radiometry is distinct from quantum techniques such as photon counting.

Radiometry is important in astronomy, especially radio astronomy, and plays a significant role in Earth remote sensing. The measurement techniques categorized as radiometry in optics are called photometry in some astronomical applications, contrary to the optics usage of the term.

Spectroradiometry is the measurement of absolute radiometric quantities in narrow bands of wavelength.^[1]

SI radiometry units

Quantity	Symbol^{[nb 1]}	SI unit	Symbol	Dimension	Notes
Radiant energy	Q_e^{[nb 2]}	joule	J	M⋅L²⋅T⁻²	energy
Radiant flux	Φ_e^{[nb 2]}	watt	W	M⋅L²⋅T⁻³	radiant energy per unit time, also called radiant power.
Spectral power	Φ_eλ^{[nb 2]}^{[nb 3]}	watt per metre	W⋅m⁻¹	M⋅L⋅T⁻³	radiant power per wavelength.
Radiant intensity	I_e	watt per steradian	W⋅sr⁻¹	M⋅L²⋅T⁻³	power per unit solid angle.
Spectral intensity	I_eλ^{[nb 3]}	watt per steradian per metre	W⋅sr⁻¹⋅m⁻¹	M⋅L⋅T⁻³	radiant intensity per wavelength.
Radiance	L_e	watt per steradian per square metre	W⋅sr⁻¹⋅m⁻²	M⋅T⁻³	power per unit solid angle per unit projected source area. confusingly called "intensity" in some other fields of study.
Spectral radiance	L_eλ^{[nb 3]} or L_eν^{[nb 4]}	watt per steradian per metre³ or watt per steradian per square metre per hertz	W⋅sr⁻¹⋅m⁻³ or W⋅sr⁻¹⋅m⁻²⋅Hz⁻¹	M⋅L⁻¹⋅T⁻³ or M⋅T⁻²	commonly measured in W⋅sr⁻¹⋅m⁻²⋅nm⁻¹ with surface area and either wavelength or frequency.
Irradiance	E_e^{[nb 2]}	watt per square metre	W⋅m⁻²	M⋅T⁻³	power incident on a surface, also called radiant flux density. sometimes confusingly called "intensity" as well.
Spectral irradiance	E_eλ^{[nb 3]} or E_eν^{[nb 4]}	watt per metre³ or watt per square metre per hertz	W⋅m⁻³ or W⋅m⁻²⋅Hz⁻¹	M⋅L⁻¹⋅T⁻³ or M⋅T⁻²	commonly measured in W⋅m⁻²⋅nm⁻¹ or 10⁻²²W⋅m⁻²⋅Hz⁻¹, known as solar flux unit.^{[nb 5]}
Radiant exitance / Radiant emittance	M_e^{[nb 2]}	watt per square metre	W⋅m⁻²	M⋅T⁻³	power emitted from a surface.
Spectral radiant exitance / Spectral radiant emittance	M_eλ^{[nb 3]} or M_eν^{[nb 4]}	watt per metre³ or watt per square metre per hertz	W⋅m⁻³ or W⋅m⁻²⋅Hz⁻¹	M⋅L⁻¹⋅T⁻³ or M⋅T⁻²	power emitted from a surface per wavelength or frequency.
Radiosity	J_e or J_eλ^{[nb 3]}	watt per square metre	W⋅m⁻²	M⋅T⁻³	emitted plus reflected power leaving a surface.
Radiant exposure	H_e	joule per square metre	J⋅m⁻²	M⋅T⁻²
Radiant energy density	ω_e	joule per metre³	J⋅m⁻³	M⋅L⁻¹⋅T⁻²
See also: SI · Radiometry · Photometry

^ Standards organizations recommend that radiometric quantities should be denoted with a suffix "e" (for "energetic") to avoid confusion with photometric or photon quantities.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Alternative symbols sometimes seen: W or E for radiant energy, P or F for radiant flux, I for irradiance, W for radiant emittance.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Spectral quantities given per unit wavelength are denoted with suffix "λ" (Greek) to indicate a spectral concentration. Spectral functions of wavelength are indicated by "(λ)" in parentheses instead, for example in spectral transmittance, reflectance and responsivity.
^ ^a ^b ^c Spectral quantities given per unit frequency are denoted with suffix "ν" (Greek)—not to be confused with the suffix "v" (for "visual") indicating a photometric quantity.
^ NOAA / Space Weather Prediction Center includes a definition of the solar flux unit (SFU).

References

^ Leslie D. Stroebel and Richard D. Zakia (1993). Focal Encyclopedia of Photography (3rd ed. ed.). Focal Press. p. 115. ISBN 0-240-51417-3. http://books.google.com/books?id=CU7-2ZLGFpYC&pg=PA115&dq=spectroradiometry+intitle:%22Focal+Encyclopedia+of+Photography%22#PPA115,M1.

External links

Radiometry and photometry FAQ Professor Jim Palmer's Radiometry FAQ page (University of Arizona, web archive).

This optics-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 非結核性抗酸菌の微生物学 microbiology of nontuberculous mycobacteria
2. 肺外結核および粟粒結核の臨床症状、診断、および治療 clinical manifestations diagnosis and treatment of extrapulmonary and miliary tuberculosis
3. 結核の微生物学および病因 microbiology and pathogenesis of tuberculosis

English Journal

Preoperative serum tissue polypeptide-specific antigen is a valuable prognostic marker in breast cancer.

Ahn SK, Moon HG, Ko E, Kim HS, Shin HC, Kim J, You JM, Han W, Noh DY.SourceDepartment of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer.Int J Cancer.2013 Feb 15;132(4):875-81. doi: 10.1002/ijc.27727. Epub 2012 Sep 7.
Tissue polypeptide-specific antigen (TPS), a specific epitope structure of a peptide in serum associated with human cytokeratin 18, is linked to the proliferative activity of tumors. Here, we aimed to identify the association between the preoperative serum TPS level and outcome in breast cancer pati
PMID 22815188

Lymphatic diamine oxidase secretion stimulated by fat absorption is linked with histamine release.

Ji Y, Sakata Y, Li X, Zhang C, Yang Q, Xu M, Wollin A, Langhans W, Tso P.Source1University of Cincinnati, Metabolic Diseases Institute.
American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology.Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol.2013 Feb 14. [Epub ahead of print]
Diamine oxidase (DAO) is abundantly expressed in mammalian small intestine catalyzing the oxidative breakdown of polyamines and histamine. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between stimulation of intestinal diamine oxidase secretion with intestinal fat absorption and histamine
PMID 23413254

A comparison between radiometric and fluorimetric methods for measuring SSAO activity.

Gella A, Solé M, Bolea I, Ventriglia M, Siotto M, Durany N, Squitti R, Unzeta M.SourceDepartment of Basic Sciences, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain.
Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996).J Neural Transm.2013 Feb 12. [Epub ahead of print]
Semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) metabolizes the oxidative deamination of primary aromatic and aliphatic amines. The final cytotoxic products of its catalysis contribute to diseases involving vascular degeneration. The increasing interest in measuring SSAO activity has led to the develop
PMID 23400361

Japanese Journal

国際単位系(SI)の体系紹介と最新動向(第7回)測光量(cd)および測光・放射標準についての基礎解説と最近の話題

座間達也
計測と制御 53(7), 623-632, 2014-07
NAID 40020157347

兵庫県宍粟市引原に分布する火山岩類および深成岩類の放射年代

小室裕明,亀井淳志,大平寛人,三好未希子,田結庄良昭,引原団体研究グループ,木村一成,三木武行,南場敏郎,佐藤隆春,清水大吉郎,田崎正和,都築宏,湯川正敏
地球科學 68(2), 81-88, 2014-03-25
兵庫県北部引原地域には,白亜紀末〜古第三紀初期の火山岩・深成岩類が分布している.火山岩類は,流紋岩質火砕岩類とそれを不整合に覆う安山岩溶岩からなり,それぞれ引原層・戸倉層と新たに命名した.引原層は,おそらくカルデラ埋積層である.これらの火山活動の間に花崗岩類の貫入があった.引原層は,フィッショントラック法により73.2±2.5Maと年代測定された.引原層に貫入する石英斑岩と黒雲母花崗岩の年代は,そ …
NAID 110009815505