幽門の

関: pylorus

WordNet

relating to or near the pylorus
a small circular opening between the stomach and the duodenum
receives veins from the upper surfaces of the stomach and empties into the portal vein (同)right_gastric_vein, vena gastrica-dextra
a tributary of the right gastric vein (同)vena pylorica

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/03/16 23:05:42」(JST)

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The pylorus (/paɪˈlɔərəs/ or /pɨˈlɔərəs/), or pyloric part, is the region of the stomach that connects to the duodenum (not to be confused with the pyloric glands, which are analogous to the gastric glands (although currently referred to as the fundic glands)). The pylorus is considered as having two parts, the pyloric antrum (opening to the body of the stomach) and the pyloric canal (opening to the duodenum). The pyloric canal ends as the pyloric orifice, which marks the junction between the stomach and the duodenum. The orifice is surrounded by a sphincter, a band of muscle, called the pyloric sphincter.

The word pylorus comes from the Greek πυλωρός, "gate guard".

§Structure

Diagram from cancer.gov:
* 1. Body of stomach

2. Fundus
3. Anterior wall
4. Greater curvature
5. Lesser curvature
6. Cardia
9. Pyloric sphincter
10. Pyloric antrum
11. Pyloric canal
12. Angular notch
13. Gastric canal
14. Rugal folds

The pylorus is the part of the stomach that connects to the duodenum. It is divided into two parts, the antrum, which connects to the body of the stomach, and the pyloric canal, which connects to the duodenum.^[1]

§Antrum

The pyloric antrum is the initial portion of the pylorus. It is near the bottom of the stomach, proximal to the pyloric sphincter, which separates the stomach and the duodenum. It may temporarily become partially or completely shut off from the remainder of the stomach during digestion by peristaltic contraction of the prepyloric sphincter; it is demarcated, sometimes, from the pyloric canal by a slight groove.

§Canal

The canal (Latin: canalis pyloricus) is the opening between the stomach and the duodenum. ^[2]

§Sphincter

The pyloric sphincter, or valve, is a strong ring of smooth muscle at the end of the pyloric canal which lets food pass from the stomach to the duodenum. It receives sympathetic innervation from the celiac ganglion.

§Histology

Microscopic cross-section of the pylorus.

Under microscopy, the pylorus contains numerous glands, including gastric pits, which constitute about half the depth of the pyloric mucosa. They consist of two or three short closed tubes opening into a common duct or mouth. These tubes are wavy, and are about one-half the length of the duct. The duct is lined by columnar cells, continuous with the epithelium lining the surface of the mucous membrane of the stomach, the tubes by shorter and more cubical cell which are finely granular. The glands contain mucus cells and G cells that secrete gastrin.^{[citation needed]}

The pylorus also contains scattered parietal cells and neuroendocrine cells. These endocrine cells including G cells, which produce gastrin, which stimulates gastric acid production, and D cells, which release somatostatin.^[3] (responsible for shutting off acid secretion. There is a second hormone-sensitive population near the fundus.)

§Function

The pylorus is one component of the gastrointestinal system. Food from the stomach passes through the pylorus to the duodenum. The pylorus, through the pyloric sphincter, regulates entry of food from the stomach into the duodenum.

§Clinical significance

In such conditions as stomach cancer, tumours may partly block the pyloric canal. A special tube can be implanted surgically to connect the stomach to the duodenum so as to facilitate the passage of food from one to the other. This tube is called a gastroduodenostomy.

§Stenosis

Pyloric stenosis refers to a pylorus that is narrow. This is due to congenital hypertrophy of the pyloric sphincter. The lumen of the pylorus is narrower, and less food is able to pass through. This problem is often detected in the early weeks of life. When it is present, a newborn baby may projectile vomit after eating, but despite vomiting remain hungry. Pyloric stenosis may be managed by the insertion of a stent, or through surgical cutting of the pyloric sphincter, a pyloromyotomy. ^[4]

§Other

Pyloric tumors
- Pyloric gland adenoma

§History

The word pylorus comes from Greek via Latin. The word pylorus in Greek means "gatekeeper", related to "gate" (Greek: pyle) and is thus linguistically related to the word "pylon".^[5]

§Additional images

Stomach
Dissection showing the stomach and pylorus in a cadaver. The antrum of the pylorus is shown in green.

§See also

This article uses anatomical terminology; for an overview, see anatomical terminology.

Human gastrointestinal tract
Stomach
Duodenum
Digestion

§References

^ Drake, Richard L.; Vogl, Wayne; Tibbitts, Adam W.M. Mitchell; illustrations by Richard; Richardson, Paul (2005). Gray's anatomy for students. Philadelphia: Elsevier/Churchill Livingstone. p. 272. ISBN 978-0-8089-2306-0.
^ University of Illinois Medical Center:Health Library
^ Deakin, Barbara Young ... [et al.] ; drawings by Philip J. (2006). Wheater's functional histology : a text and colour atlas (5th ed. ed.). [Edinburgh?]: Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier. p. 273. ISBN 978-0-443-068-508.
^ Clayden, Tom Lissauer, Graham (2007). Illustrated textbook of paediatrics (3rd ed. ed.). Edinburgh ; New York: Mosby/Elsevier. pp. 207–208. ISBN 9780723433972.
^ Harper, Douglas. "Pylorus". Etymology Online. Retrieved 27 March 2014.

§External links

"Pylorus", Stedman's Online Medical Dictionary at Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
Anatomy photo:37:06-0105 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "Abdominal Cavity: The Stomach"
Anatomy photo:38:07-0102 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "Stomach, Spleen and Liver: The Pylorus"
Anatomy image:8150 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center

UpToDate Contents

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1. 幼児の肥厚性幽門狭窄症 infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
2. 消化性潰瘍の臨床症状 clinical manifestations of peptic ulcer disease
3. 消化性潰瘍の診断 diagnosis of peptic ulcer disease
4. 成人における外傷による十二指腸および膵臓損傷の管理 management of duodenal and pancreatic trauma in adults
5. 成人における胃流出路閉塞 gastric outlet obstruction in adults

English Journal

Intestinal coccidiosis of anadromous and landlocked alewives, Alosa pseudoharengus, caused by Goussia ameliae n. sp. and G. alosii n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae).

Lovy J1, Friend SE1.
International journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife.Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl.2015 Feb 28;4(2):159-70. doi: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2015.02.003. eCollection 2015.
Anadromous alewives, Alosa pseudoharengus, have experienced significant population level declines caused by factors including habitat destruction. Alewives occur in two different life histories, anadromous and landlocked forms. The landlocked alewife evolved from ancestral anadromous populations, re
PMID 25853050

Aberrant pancreatic ductal organisation: a case report.

Goel S1, Rustagi SM, Saha S, Mehta V, Suri RK, Rath G.
Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA.Surg Radiol Anat.2015 Jul;37(5):543-6. doi: 10.1007/s00276-015-1474-z. Epub 2015 Apr 4.
Anomalous pancreatic ductal system has always enthralled the anatomists, surgeons, gastroenterologists and radiologists alike. With the growing use of MRCP, ERCP and endoscopic and surgical procedures, the knowledge of anatomical aberrations of pancreaticobiliary tract becomes extremely important. M
PMID 25840941

Mutation in exon 1a of PLEC, leading to disruption of plectin isoform 1a, causes autosomal-recessive skin-only epidermolysis bullosa simplex.

Gostyńska KB1, Nijenhuis M1, Lemmink H2, Pas HH1, Pasmooij AM1, Lang KK3, Castañón MJ4, Wiche G4, Jonkman MF5.
Human molecular genetics.Hum Mol Genet.2015 Jun 1;24(11):3155-62. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddv066. Epub 2015 Feb 24.
PLEC, the gene encoding the cytolinker protein plectin, has eight tissue-specific isoforms in humans, arising by alternate splicing of the first exon. To date, all PLEC mutations that cause epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS) were found in exons common to all isoforms. Due to the ubiquitous presence
PMID 25712130

Japanese Journal

症例報告早期十二指腸球部癌の1例

大楽耕司,河村大智,時山裕 [他],河野裕夫
山口医学 = Yamaguchi medical journal 64(2), 139-143, 2015-05
… ,周囲のリンパ節の腫脹は認めなかった.手術は胃球部切除術を施行した.摘出標本では幽門輪直遠の十二指腸球部に茎が1.5cmで大きさ2.0×2.0×1.0cmの有茎性腫瘤を認めた.病理組織検査はtubular adenocarcinoma, well differentiated typeで深達度は粘膜内であった.今回,幽門輪直遠に発生した早期十二指腸球部癌の1例を経験した.比較的稀な疾患であるため報告した.We reported a rare case of early duodenal bulb cancer which occurred in the pyloric ring …
NAID 120005617815

<資料>環境教育における解剖実験用教材としてのブラックバスの利用

井藤大樹,田中和大,小田優花,細谷和海
近畿大学農学部紀要 48, 50-58, 2015-03
… The black basses have typical predatory features as general perches, i.e., large mouth, dentary teeth, maxillary teeth, lower pharyngeal teeth, developing blind sac (1 - shaped stomach) and pyloric caeca. …
NAID 120005623636

Obtaining secure stapling of a double stapling anastomosis.

Nakayama Shinya,Hasegawa Suguru,Hida Koya,Kawada Kenji,Sakai Yoshiharu
The Journal of surgical research 193(2), 652-657, 2015-02
… [Methods]An endoscopic linear stapler (Echelon Flex 60 Endopath) with either a 60 mm blue or gold cartridge was applied to the cardiac and pyloric portions of 27 fresh porcine stomachs. … [Results]Mean thickness of the cardiac and pyloric portions was 2.4 ± 0.35 mm and 4.0 ± 0.4 mm, respectively. … The waiting time improved optimal staple formation for the blue cartridge, especially when it was used for the pyloric portion. …
NAID 120005530965

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

拡張検索	「pyloric antrum」

「pyloric antrum」

Pylorus
	Inside of the stomach (pylorus labeled at center left)
Details
Latin	Pylorus
Identifiers
Gray's	p.1164
Dorlands; /Elsevier	v_02/12844554
TA	A05.5.01.014
FMA	14581
	Anatomical terminology

　　[★]

幽門洞

関: antrum、gastric antrum

[GRAYS2005-1] Drake, Richard L.; Vogl, Wayne; Tibbitts, Adam W.M. Mitchell; illustrations by Richard; Richardson, Paul (2005). Gray's anatomy for students. Philadelphia: Elsevier/Churchill Livingstone. p. 272. ISBN 978-0-8089-2306-0.

[2] University of Illinois Medical Center:Health Library

[WHEATERS2006-3] Deakin, Barbara Young ... [et al.] ; drawings by Philip J. (2006). Wheater's functional histology : a text and colour atlas (5th ed. ed.). [Edinburgh?]: Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier. p. 273. ISBN 978-0-443-068-508.

[4] Clayden, Tom Lissauer, Graham (2007). Illustrated textbook of paediatrics (3rd ed. ed.). Edinburgh ; New York: Mosby/Elsevier. pp. 207–208. ISBN 9780723433972.

[5] Harper, Douglas. "Pylorus". Etymology Online. Retrieved 27 March 2014.

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案内

pyloric