WordNet

containing pus; "a purulent wound" (同)pussy
symptom of being purulent (containing or forming pus) (同)purulency
relating to or characterized by suppuration
producing pus

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化膿した,うみの出る
化膿;うみ
うみ,化膿

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/06/07 23:30:14」(JST)

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Eye with conjunctivitis exuding pus

Duodenoscopy image of hepatopancreatic ampulla with pus exuding from it, indicative of cholangitis

Pus is an exudate, typically white-yellow, yellow, or yellow-brown, formed at the site of inflammation during infection.^[1] An accumulation of pus in an enclosed tissue space is known as an abscess, whereas a visible collection of pus within or beneath the epidermis is known as a pustule, pimple, or spot.

Pus consists of a thin, protein-rich fluid, known as liquor puris, and dead leukocytes from the body's immune response (mostly neutrophils)^{[citation needed]}. During infection, macrophages release cytokines which trigger neutrophils to seek the site of infection by chemotaxis. There, the neutrophils release granules which destroy the bacteria. The bacteria resist the immune response by releasing toxins called leukocidins.^[2] As the neutrophils die off from toxins and old age, they are destroyed by macrophages, forming the viscous pus.

Bacteria that cause pus are called pyogenic.^[2]^[3]

Despite normally being of a whitish-yellow hue, changes in the color of pus can be observed under certain circumstances. Pus is sometimes green because of the presence of myeloperoxidase, an intensely green antibacterial protein produced by some types of white blood cells. Green, foul-smelling pus is found in certain infections of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The greenish color is a result of the bacterial pigment pyocyanin that it produces. Amoebic abscesses of the liver produce brownish pus, which is described as looking like "anchovy paste". Pus can also have a foul odor, particularly pus from anaerobic infections.^[4]

In almost all cases when there is a collection of pus in the body, the clinician will try to create an opening to drain it. This principle has been distilled into the famous Latin aphorism "Ubi pus, ibi evacua" ("Where there is pus, evacuate it").

Some disease processes caused by pyogenic infections are impetigo, osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, and necrotizing fasciitis.^[5]^{[not in citation given]}

Pyogenic bacteria

A great many species of bacteria may be involved in the production of pus. The most commonly found include:^[6]^{[unreliable medical source?]}

Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Streptococcus pyogenes
Escherichia coli (Bacillus coli communis)
Streptococcus pneumoniae (Fraenkel's pneumococcus)
Klebsiella pneumoniae (Friedländer's bacillus)
Salmonella typhi (Bacillus typhosus)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Actinomyces
Burkholderia mallei (Glanders bacillus)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (tubercle bacillus)

Staphylococcus aureus bacteria is the most common cause of boils.

Historical terminology

In the pre-asepsis era, wrote surgeon Frederick Treves (1853–1923), "Practically all major wounds suppurated. Pus was the most common subject of converse, because it was the most prominent feature in the surgeon's work. It was classified according to degrees of vileness."‍^[7]^:347 But pus of the right kind was considered desirable.^[8]^:80 "If a patient was lucky ... a thick cream-colored odorless fluid would appear within five or six days"; such "laudable" pus was considered "a sure sign that the wound would heal"‍^[7]^:344 because it meant "Nature has put up a bold fight against the invader".^[9] "On the other hand, if the pus gradually became watery, blood tinged and foul smelling, it was designated 'sanious'‍^[10] [or 'ill-conditioned'‍]‍^[11] and the wound condition was considered unfavorable".^[10] It later came to be understood that "laudable" pus generally implied an invasion of relatively benign staphylococci, while "ill-conditioned" pus usually meant the more dangerous streptococcus was present.^[7]^:345^[10]^:247

References

^ "Pus - Definitions from Dictionary.com". reference.com. Retrieved 2008-08-18.
^ ^a ^b Madigan, Michael T. and Martin, John M. Brock Biology of Microorganisms 11th ed. Pearson Prentice Hall. USA. 2006: 734
^ "pyogenic" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
^ Topazian RG, Goldberg MH, Hupp JR (2002). Oral and maxillofacial infections (4 ed.). Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders. ISBN 978-0721692715.
^ "Infections Caused by Common Pyogenic Bacteria", Dermatopathology (Springer Berlin Heidelberg), pp. 83–85, doi:10.1007/3-540-30244-1_12
^ Thompson, Alexis; Miles, Alexander (1921). "Pyogenic Bacteria". Manual of Surgery (6th ed.). Oxford Medical Publications. OCLC 335390813.
^ ^a ^b ^c Nuland, Sherwin B. (2011). Doctors: The Biography of Medicine. Knopf Doubleday. ISBN 978-0-307-80789-2.
^ Van Hoosen, Bertha (Autumn 1947). "A Woman's Medical Training in the Eighties". Quarterly Review of the Michigan Alumnus: A Journal of University Perspectives (University of Michigan Libraries): 77–81. UOM:39015006945235.
^ Scott, William (1922). An indexed system of veterinary treatment. Chicago: Eger. p. 603.
^ ^a ^b ^c Schneider, Albert (1920). Pharmaceutical bacteriology (2nd ed.). P. Blakiston. p. 247.
^ Williams, Charles J. B. (1848). Principles of Medicine: Comprising General Pathology and Therapeutics, and a Brief General View of Etiology, Nosology, Semeiology, Diagnosis, and Prognosis: With Additions and Notes by Meredith Clymer. Churchill. p. 306.

UpToDate Contents

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「化膿性髄膜炎」「suppurative」「pyogenes」「化膿性」「suppuration」
拡張検索	「purulent conjunctivitis」「purulent otitis media」「hyperacute purulent conjunctivitis」