WordNet

the act of supplying fresh air and getting rid of foul air (同)airing
a mechanical system in a building that provides fresh air; "she was continually adjusting the ventilation" (同)ventilation system, ventilating system

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換気,通風 / 換気設備,通風装置 / 世に問うこと,自由討議
肺の;肺を冒す

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/12/22 09:02:22」(JST)

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In respiratory physiology, ventilation is the movement of air between the environment and the lungs via inhalation and exhalation. Thus, for organisms with lungs, it is synonymous with breathing. Ventilation usually happens in a rhythmic pattern, and the frequency of that pattern is called the ventilation rate (or, by long-standing convention, the respiratory rate, even though in precise usage ventilation is a hyponym, not a synonym, of respiration).

Ventilation volumes and rates are categorized under the following definitions:

Measurement	Symbol	Equation	Description
Minute ventilation		= tidal volume * respiratory rate^[1]^[2]	the total volume of gas entering the lungs per minute.
Alveolar ventilation		= (tidal volume - dead space) * respiratory rate ^[1]	the volume of gas per unit time that reaches the alveoli, the respiratory portions of the lungs where gas exchange occurs.
Dead space ventilation		= dead space * respiratory rate^[3]	is the volume of gas per unit time that does not reach these respiratory portions, but instead remains in the airways (trachea, bronchi, etc.).

Sample values

Measure	Sample value at rest	Sample value moderate exercise^[4]
Tidal volume	0.5 L	3.0 L
Respiratory rate	12 breaths/minute	30 breaths/minute
Minute ventilation	6.0 L/min	90 L/min
Dead space	0.15 L	0.15 L
Dead space ventilation	1.8 L/min	4.5 L/min
Alveolar ventilation	4.2 L/min	85.5 L/min
Functional residual capacity (FRC)	2.5 L	2.5 L
Specific Ventilation (Tidal volume / FRC)	0.2

Pulmonary ventilation may be evaluated using a breathing tube or spirometer, measuring the movement of the chest and abdominal walls using respiratory inductance plethysmography or by isolating the subject in an enclosed metabolic chamber (body plethysmography).

References

^ ^a ^b Respiratory Physiology: Ventilation
^ Respiratory Physiology (page 2)
^ Physiology at MCG 4/4ch3/s4ch3_16
^ Int Panis, L (2010). "Exposure to particulate matter in traffic: A comparison of cyclists and car passengers". Atmospheric Environment 44: 2263–2270. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.04.028.

External links

Pulmonary ventilation at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
RT Corner (Educational Site for RT's and Nurses) at rtcorner.net

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UpToDate Contents

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1. 機械的人工換気の概要 overview of mechanical ventilation
2. 一側肺換気の一般的原則 general principles of one lung ventilation
3. 機械的人工換気からの離脱（ウィーニング）：準備テスト weaning from mechanical ventilation readiness testing
4. 機械的人工換気中の肺気圧障害 pulmonary barotrauma during mechanical ventilation
5. 新生児における機械的人工換気 mechanical ventilation in neonates

English Journal

Acute respiratory failure in patients with hematological malignancies: outcomes according to initial ventilation strategy. A groupe de recherche respiratoire en réanimation onco-hématologique (Grrr-OH) study.

Lemiale V1, Resche-Rigon M2, Mokart D3, Pène F4, Rabbat A5, Kouatchet A6, Vincent F7, Bruneel F8, Nyunga M9, Lebert C10, Perez P11, Meert AP12, Benoit D13, Chevret S14, Azoulay E15.
Annals of intensive care.Ann Intensive Care.2015 Dec;5(1):28. doi: 10.1186/s13613-015-0070-z. Epub 2015 Sep 30.
BACKGROUND: In patients with hematological malignancies and acute respiratory failure (ARF), noninvasive ventilation was associated with a decreased mortality in older studies. However, mortality of intubated patients decreased in the last years. In this study, we assess outcomes in those patients a
PMID 26429355

Severe but not mild hypercapnia affects the outcome in patients with severe cardiogenic pulmonary edema treated by non-invasive ventilation.

Contou D1, Fragnoli C, Córdoba-Izquierdo A, Boissier F, Brun-Buisson C, Thille AW.
Annals of intensive care.Ann Intensive Care.2015 Dec;5(1):55. doi: 10.1186/s13613-015-0055-y. Epub 2015 Jun 7.
BACKGROUND: Patients with severe cardiogenic pulmonary edema (CPE) are frequently hypercapnic, possibly because of associated underlying chronic lung disease (CLD). Since hypercapnia has been associated with outcome, we aimed to identify factors associated to hypercapnia and its role on outcome of p
PMID 26059206

Blood pressure monitoring during exercise: Comparison of pulse transit time and volume clamp methods.

Wibmer T1, Denner C1, Fischer C2,3, Schildge B1, Rüdiger S1, Kropf-Sanchen C1, Rottbauer W1, Schumann C1,4.
Blood pressure.Blood Press.2015 Dec;24(6):353-60. doi: 10.3109/08037051.2015.1053253. Epub 2015 Jul 31.
During physical exercise, pulse transit time (PTT), expressed as the interval between ventricular electrical activity and peripheral pulse wave, may provide a surrogate estimate for blood pressure by the use of specific calibration procedures. The objective of this study was to determine systolic bl
PMID 26286887