psilosis

WordNet

falling out of hair

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/11/25 18:18:39」(JST)

wiki en

Psilosis (/saɪˈloʊsɪs/) is the sound change in which Greek lost the consonant sound /h/ during antiquity. The term comes from the Greek ψίλωσις psílōsis ("smoothing, thinning out")^[1] and is related to the name of the smooth breathing (ψιλή psilḗ), the sign for the absence of initial /h/ in a word. Dialects that have lost /h/ are called psilotic.

The linguistic phenomenon is comparable to that of h-dropping in dialects of Modern English, and to the development by which /h/ was lost in late Latin.

History

The loss of /h/ happened at different times in different dialects of Greek. The eastern Ionic dialects, the Aeolic dialect of Lesbos, as well as the Doric dialects of Crete and Elis, were already psilotic at the beginning of their written record.^[2] In Attic, there was widespread variation in popular speech during the classical period,^[3] but the formal standard language retained /h/. This variation continued into the Hellenistic Koine.^[4] Alexandrine grammarians who codified Greek orthography during the second and first centuries BC, and who, among other things, introduced the signs for the rough and smooth breathings, were still using the distinction between words with and without initial /h/, but were evidently writing at a time when this distinction was no longer natively mastered by many speakers. By the late Roman and early Byzantine period, /h/ had been lost in all forms of the language.^[5]

Orthography

Eta and heta

The loss of the /h/ is reflected in the development of the Greek alphabet by the change in the function of the letter Eta (Η), which first served as the sign of /h/ ("Heta") but then, in the psilotic dialects, was re-used as the sign of the long vowel /ɛː/.

Rough and smooth breathing

In the polytonic orthography that started at the hellenistic period of Ancient Greek, the original /h/ sound, where it used to occur, is represented by a diacritic, the rough breathing or spiritus asper. This sign is also conventionally used in analogy to the Attic usage when rendering texts from the Ionic dialect, which was already psilotic by the time the texts were written. For Aeolic texts, however, the convention is to mark all words as non-aspirated.^[6]

References

^ ψίλωσις. Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert; A Greek–English Lexicon at the Perseus Project.
^ Woodard, Roger D. "Greek dialects". The ancient languages of Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 58.
^ Teodorsson, Sven T. (1974). The phonemic system of the Attic dialect 400–340 BC. Gotenburg. Also: Teodorsson, Sven T. (1978). The phonology of Attic in the Hellenistic period. Gotenburg.
^ Teodorsson, Sven T. (1977). The phonology of Ptolemaic Koine. Gotenburg.
^ Horrocks, Jeffrey. Greek: A history of the language and its speakers. London: Longman. p. 171.
^ Colvin, Stephen. A historical Greek reader: Mycenaean to the Koiné. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 27.

English Journal

Evaluation of the possible influence of trailing and paradoxical effects on the clinical outcome of patients with candidemia.

Rueda C1, Puig-Asensio M2, Guinea J3, Almirante B2, Cuenca-Estrella M1, Zaragoza O4; CANDIPOP Project from GEIH-GEMICOMED (SEIMC) and REIPI.
Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.Clin Microbiol Infect.2017 Jan;23(1):49.e1-49.e8. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2016.09.016. Epub 2016 Sep 24.
PMID 27677697

Evaluation of Fluorescent Capillary Electrophoresis for Rapid Identification of Candida Fungal Infections.

Obručová H1, Tihelková R2, Kotásková I1, Růžička F3, Holá V3, Němcová E4, Freiberger T5.
Journal of clinical microbiology.J Clin Microbiol.2016 May;54(5):1295-303. doi: 10.1128/JCM.00118-16. Epub 2016 Mar 2.
PMID 26935732

The identification and differentiation of the Candida parapsilosis complex species by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism of the internal transcribed spacer region of the rDNA.

Barbedo LS1, Figueiredo-Carvalho MH1, Muniz Mde M1, Zancopé-Oliveira RM1.
Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz.Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz.2016 Apr;111(4):267-70. doi: 10.1590/0074-02760150466.
PMID 27074256

Japanese Journal

新トリアゾール系抗真菌剤Itraconazoleの深在性真菌症患者分離株に対する<I>in vitro</I>抗真菌活性

The Japanese Journal of Antibiotics 44(5), 562-570, 1991
NAID 130004395214

Related Pictures

Chalosis | Psilosis el amarillo: Canción: Psilosis - Hey Chica Psilosis Photo stock - Image: 74848457 Todos los productos de Aftas bucales.Tienda online NUTRIDELIA Dongguan City Xiangzhen Mold Parts Co., Ltd. - Fournisseur de Moule de la Chine Cathy Olver - Psilosis' sprue - Wiktionary