WordNet

any of a large group of nitrogenous organic compounds that are essential constituents of living cells; consist of polymers of amino acids; essential in the diet of animals for growth and for repair of tissues; can be obtained from meat and eggs and milk and legumes; "a diet high in protein"
the organic processes (in a cell or organism) that are necessary for life (同)metabolic_process

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蛋白(たんばく)質
新陳代謝,物質交代

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/11/27 15:27:00」(JST)

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Protein metabolism denotes the various biochemical processes responsible for the synthesis of proteins and amino acids, and the breakdown of proteins (and other large molecules, too) by catabolism.

Dietary proteins are first broken down to individual amino acids by various enzymes and hydrochloric acid present in the gastro-intestinal tract.^[1] These amino acids are further broken down to α-keto acids which can be recycled in the body for generation of energy, and production of glucose or fat or other amino acids. This break-down of amino acids to α-keto acids occurs in the liver by a process known as transamination, which follows a bimolecular ping pong mechanism.^[2]

Protein synthesis

Protein biosynthesis relies on four processes:

amino acid synthesis
RNA synthesis
transcription
translation

Protein anabolism is the process by which protein are formed from amino acids (aka anabolic amino acid synthesis).

Protein breakdown

Protein catabolism is the process by which proteins are broken down to their amino acids. This is also called proteolysis.

This can be followed by further amino acid degradation.

Amino acid metabolism

The following list contains links to information about the metabolism of individual amino acids.

Positively charged side chains
- Arginine
- Histidine
- Lysine
Negatively charged side chains
- Aspartic acid
- Glutamic acid
Polar uncharged side chains
- Serine
- Threonine
- Asparagine
- Glutamine

Special cases
- Cysteine
- Selenocysteine
- Glycine
- Proline
Hydrophobic side chains
- Alanine
- Valine
- Isoleucine
- Leucine
- Methionine
- Phenylalanine
- Tyrosine
- Tryptophan

References

^ Mehta, S. Digestion of Dietary Proteins
^ Mehta, S. Metabolism of amino acids- bimolecular ping pong mechanism of transamination.

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English Journal

Aqueous Two-Phase (PEG4000/Na2SO4) Extraction and Characterization of an Acid Invertase from Potato Tuber (Solanum tuberosum).

Yuzugullu Y1, Duman YA.
Preparative biochemistry & biotechnology.Prep Biochem Biotechnol.2015 Oct 3;45(7):696-711. doi: 10.1080/10826068.2014.943373.
Invertases are key metabolic enzymes that catalyze irreversible hydrolysis of sucrose into fructose and glucose. Plant invertases have essential roles in carbohydrate metabolism, plant development, and stress responses. To study their isolation and purification from potato, an attractive system usef
PMID 25127162

Proteomics approach reveals mechanism underlying susceptibility of loquat fruit to sunburn during color changing period.

Jiang JM1, Lin YX2, Chen YY2, Deng CJ1, Gong HW2, Xu QZ1, Zheng SQ3, Chen W4.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2015 Jun 1;176:388-95. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.12.076. Epub 2014 Dec 27.
The objective of this work was to investigate why loquat fruit peels are more sensitive to high temperature and strong sunlight, making them highly susceptible to sunburn, during the color changing period (CCP). Two dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) of the fruit peel proteins was performed over
PMID 25624247