WordNet

the way a word or a language is customarily spoken; "the pronunciation of Chinese is difficult for foreigners"; "that is the correct pronunciation" (同)orthoepy
the manner in which someone utters a word; "they are always correcting my pronunciation"
pronounce judgment on; "They labeled him unfit to work here" (同)label, judge
speak, pronounce, or utter in a certain way; "She pronounces French words in a funny way"; "I cannot say `zip wire"; "Can the child sound out this complicated word?" (同)articulate, enounce, sound out, enunciate, say
incorrect pronunciation

PrepTutorEJDIC

『発音』,発音のしかた
〈単語・文・音〉‘を'『発音する』;〈単語の発音〉‘を'発音記号で示す / …‘を'『宣言する』,言明する;…‘を'宣告する / 発音する / (…について)判断(判決)を下す《+『on』(『upon』)+『名』》
発音の誤り,誤った発音

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/02/12 06:48:48」(JST)

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Pronunciation is the way a word or a language is spoken, or the manner in which someone utters a word. If one is said to have "correct pronunciation", then it refers to both within a particular dialect.

A word can be spoken in different ways by various individuals or groups, depending on many factors, such as: the duration of the cultural exposure of their childhood, the location of their current residence, speech or voice disorders,^[1] their ethnic group, their social class, or their education.^[2]

1. Nose; 2. Lips; 3. Teeth; 4. Palate; 5.

Linguistic terminology

Syllables are counted as units of sound (phones) that they use in their language. The branch of linguistics which studies these units of sound is phonetics. Phones which play the same role are grouped together into classes called phonemes; the study of these is phonemics or phonematics or phonology. Phones as components of articulation are usually described using the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA).^[3]

References

^ Beech, John R.; Harding, Leonora; Hilton-Jones, Diana (1993). Assessment in speech and language therapy. CUP Archive. p. 55. ISBN 0-415-07882-2.
^ Labov, William (2003). "Some Sociolinguistic Principles". In Paulston, Christina Bratt; Tucker, G. Richard. Sociolinguistics: the essential readings. Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 234–250. ISBN 0-631-22717-2.
^ Schultz, Tanja; Kirchhoff, Katrin (2008). Multilingual speech processing. Academic Press. p. 12. ISBN 0-12-088501-8.

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English Journal

The involvement of occipital and inferior frontal cortex in the phonological learning of chinese characters.

Deng Y, Chou TL, Ding GS, Peng DL, Booth JR.SourceInstitute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Journal of cognitive neuroscience.J Cogn Neurosci.2011 Aug;23(8):1998-2012. Epub 2010 Aug 31.
Neural changes related to the learning of the pronunciation of Chinese characters in English speakers were examined using fMRI. We examined the item-specific learning effects for trained characters and the generalization of phonetic knowledge to novel transfer characters that shared a phonetic radic
PMID 20807053

Is more always better? Effects of semantic richness on lexical decision, speeded pronunciation, and semantic classification.

Yap MJ, Tan SE, Pexman PM, Hargreaves IS.SourceDepartment of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, National University of Singapore, Block AS4, #02-07, Singapore, 117570, Republic of Singapore, melvin@nus.edu.sg.
Psychonomic bulletin & review.Psychon Bull Rev.2011 Aug;18(4):742-50.
Evidence from large-scale studies (Pexman, Hargreaves, Siakaluk, Bodner, & Pope, 2008) suggests that semantic richness, a multidimensional construct reflecting the extent of variability in the information associated with a word's meaning, facilitates visual word recognition. Specifically, recogn
PMID 21494916

Differential Contribution of Cognitive and Psychomotor Functions to the Age-Related Slowing of Speech Production.

Rodriguez-Aranda C, Jakobsen M.SourceDepartment of Psychology, University of Tromso, Norway.
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS.J Int Neuropsychol Soc.2011 Jul 5:1-15. [Epub ahead of print]
Healthy elderly adults are slower to initiate and produce speech. However, the sources of the slowing remain poorly understood. The present study evaluates to which extent psychomotor and cognitive changes influence age-related slowing in speech generation. Four verbal tasks varying in degree of dif
PMID 21729398

Japanese Journal

早期外国語教育は音声習得に何をもたらすのか -イマージョン教育からの示唆-

原田　哲男,Harada Tetsuo
早稲田教育評論 25(1), 1-14, 2011-03-31
NAID 120003056826

発音と音声のしくみに焦点をあてた中学校英語教科書分析：インプットの基礎を考察する

上田洋子,大塚朝美
大阪女学院大学紀要 (7), 15-32, 2011-03-01
… The purpose of this research was to examine variations in pronunciation instruction currently included in Japanese junior high school English textbooks. … acquisition of pronunciation and phonetic knowledge is likely to vary greatly. …
NAID 120003147691

タガログ語を母語とする日本語学習者の産出に見られる母音の長短とアクセントの関係に関する研究 <原著論文>

ガリエーゴ・ニーニャ,Nina Arteliz R. Gallego
国際協力研究誌 : Journal of international development and cooperation 17(1), 71-88, 2011-01-31
This study examined the role of teaching accent in improving the production of short and long vowels of Filipino learners of Japanese. Before conducting a short instruction about Japanese accent, the …
NAID 120002970933