profligate

WordNet

in a dissolute way (同)dissolutely

PrepTutorEJDIC

放蕩(ほうとう)の,品行のよくない / むだ使いの激しい;(…を)浪費する《+『of』+『名』》 / 放蕩者,身持ちの悪い人・浪費家

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/02/19 20:47:13」(JST)

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For the horse, see Spendthrift (horse). For the 1936 film, see Spendthrift (film).

A spendthrift (also called profligate) is someone who spends money prodigiously and who is extravagant and recklessly wasteful, often to a point where the spending climbs well beyond his or her means. The word derives from an obsolete sense of the word "thrift" to mean prosperity rather than frugality,^[1] so that a "spendthrift" is one who has spent his prosperity.^[2]

Historical figures who have been characterized as spendthrifts include German philosopher Karl Marx^[3]^[4] George IV of Great Britain,^{[citation needed]} King Ludwig II of Bavaria,^{[citation needed]} and Marie Antoinette.^[5]

The term is often used by the press as an adjective applied to governments who are thought to be wasting public money.^[6]^[7]

In artwork

William Hogarth's A Rake's Progress (1732–33) displays in a series of paintings the spiralling fortunes of a wealthy but spendthrift son and heir who loses his money, and who as a consequence is imprisoned in the Fleet Prison and ultimately Bedlam.

Legal issues

References

^ thefreedictionary.com, "thrift"
^ World Wide Words, "how thrift applied to spend can end up being someone who is not thrifty"
^ "Marx was notoriously incapable of keeping accounts, and [his wife] Jenny was a regular customer of the London pawnbrokers." Kolakowski, Leszek (1978). Main Currents of Marxism, Vol I: The Founders, Oxford: Clarendon Press, ISBN 0192851071 p. 193-194
^ "Engels was always sending Marx money; when he finally retired from the family firm, he made Marx an annuity of £350—several times more than the average family lived on but not enough for Marx, who always adjusted his spending to a level above what his benefactors supplied." Roger Kimball, "The Death of Socialism", New Criterion April 2002, accessed 20 November 2012
^ , Fraser, Antonia (2001). Marie Antoinette (1st ed.). New York: N.A. Talese/Doubleday. ISBN 978-0-385-48948-5 p. 226
^ Westmore, Peter (2011). "Why Portuguese voters punished spendthrift Government" News Weekly, June 25, 2011, accessed 20 November 2012
^ "In capitals such as Athens, Madrid and Rome, large portions of the sovereign debt racked up by spendthrift governments are owed to the countries' own banks..." Chu, Henry and Lauren Frayer (2012). "Europe's governments, banks perilously entwined: Much of the crushing debt that was racked up by the former is owed to the latter." Los Angeles Times, 19 May 2012, accessed 20 November 2012
^ William Herbert Page, The Law of Contracts, 2nd ed. (Cincinnati: W.H. Anderson Co., 1920), 2848-2849.
^ See ORS 126.335 (repealed Or. Stat. 1961, ch. 344, § 109). Oregon's unusual law resulted in a famous conflict-of-laws opinion: Lilienthal v. Kaufman, 239 Ore. 1, 395 P.2d 543 (1964).
^ Chandler v. Simmons, 97 Mass. 508, 514 (1867).
^ Olshen v. Kaufman, 235 Or. 423, 385 P.2d 161 (1963). This case involved the same defendant and was relied upon by the majority in Lilienthal. Both cases involved joint ventures for the sale of binoculars.

External links

Look up spendthrift or profligate in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

A Rakes Progress

English Journal

Isotopes reveal contrasting water use strategies among coexisting plant species in a Mediterranean ecosystem.

Moreno-Gutiérrez C, Dawson TE, Nicolás E, Querejeta JI.SourceCentro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus Universitario de Espinardo, PO Box 164, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
The New phytologist.New Phytol.2012 Oct;196(2):489-96. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04276.x. Epub 2012 Aug 23.
Variation in the stable carbon and oxygen isotope composition (δ(13) C, Δ(18) O) of co-occurring plant species may reflect the functional diversity of water use strategies present in natural plant communities. We investigated the patterns of water use among 10 coexisting plant species representing
PMID 22913668

Azithromycin in periodontal treatment: more than an antibiotic.

[No authors listed]AbstractA 'profligate use' of antibiotics or the preferred treatment for those with 'low plaque scores and low responsiveness to periodontal therapy'.
British dental journal.Br Dent J.2012 Aug 24;213(4):177. doi: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2012.747.
A 'profligate use' of antibiotics or the preferred treatment for those with 'low plaque scores and low responsiveness to periodontal therapy'.
PMID 22918347

Japanese Journal

パリのオペラ座における建設費用及び設計変更に関する研究 : パリのオペラ座における費用削減案に関する研究(その1)

鏡壮太郎
日本建築学会計画系論文集 73(625), 695-700, 2008-03-30
… This anaysis shows that the increase in the works of decorations and arts was far less compared to that in the works of building frame and services, which reveals that Garnier was not a profligate as accused in the comments of the contemporaries. …
NAID 110006647731

正祠と淫祠--福建の地方志における記述と論理

小島毅
東洋文化研究所紀要 (114), p87-213, 1991-02
… Intellectuals distinguished between what they called orthodox temples (正祠) and heterodox ("excessive" or "profligate") tem-ples (淫祠). …
NAID 120002970986

SAMUEL RICHARDSONのMODERATE RAKERY論

岡照雄
英文學研究 44(1), 15-24, 1967-11-10
… She says in one of her letters to Richardson that is is quite all right for him to accuse an abandoned profligate, but she wonders why he cannot show some leniency toward such a man as moderate rake. …
NAID 110008155226

Related Pictures

of Ha-Ha slots open aboard Profligate More Profligate | Flickr - Photo Sharing! INTERVIEW WITH PROFLIGATE profligate250 wake UP, profligate PT 2 by sarraklok Profligate and Humanbeast released new

[1] thefreedictionary.com, "thrift"

[2] World Wide Words, "how thrift applied to spend can end up being someone who is not thrifty"

[3] "Marx was notoriously incapable of keeping accounts, and [his wife] Jenny was a regular customer of the London pawnbrokers." Kolakowski, Leszek (1978). Main Currents of Marxism, Vol I: The Founders, Oxford: Clarendon Press, ISBN 0192851071 p. 193-194

[4] "Engels was always sending Marx money; when he finally retired from the family firm, he made Marx an annuity of £350—several times more than the average family lived on but not enough for Marx, who always adjusted his spending to a level above what his benefactors supplied." Roger Kimball, "The Death of Socialism", New Criterion April 2002, accessed 20 November 2012

[5] , Fraser, Antonia (2001). Marie Antoinette (1st ed.). New York: N.A. Talese/Doubleday. ISBN 978-0-385-48948-5 p. 226

[6] Westmore, Peter (2011). "Why Portuguese voters punished spendthrift Government" News Weekly, June 25, 2011, accessed 20 November 2012

[7] "In capitals such as Athens, Madrid and Rome, large portions of the sovereign debt racked up by spendthrift governments are owed to the countries' own banks..." Chu, Henry and Lauren Frayer (2012). "Europe's governments, banks perilously entwined: Much of the crushing debt that was racked up by the former is owed to the latter." Los Angeles Times, 19 May 2012, accessed 20 November 2012

[8] William Herbert Page, The Law of Contracts, 2nd ed. (Cincinnati: W.H. Anderson Co., 1920), 2848-2849.

[9] See ORS 126.335 (repealed Or. Stat. 1961, ch. 344, § 109). Oregon's unusual law resulted in a famous conflict-of-laws opinion: Lilienthal v. Kaufman, 239 Ore. 1, 395 P.2d 543 (1964).

[10] Chandler v. Simmons, 97 Mass. 508, 514 (1867).

[11] Olshen v. Kaufman, 235 Or. 423, 385 P.2d 161 (1963). This case involved the same defendant and was relied upon by the majority in Lilienthal. Both cases involved joint ventures for the sale of binoculars.

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