WordNet

of first rank or importance or value; direct and immediate rather than secondary; "primary goals"; "a primary effect"; "primary sources"; "a primary interest"
a preliminary election where delegates or nominees are chosen (同)primary_election
one of the main flight feathers projecting along the outer edge of a birds wing (同)primary feather, primary quill
(astronomy) a celestial body (especially a star) relative to other objects in orbit around it
not derived from or reducible to something else; basic; "a primary instinct"
nephritis marked by inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney; characterized by decreased production of urine and by the presence of blood and protein in the urine and by edema

PrepTutorEJDIC

『第一の』,『主要な』 / 『初期の』,『初等の』,初級の / 『根本的な』,基本的な,本来の,直接的な / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》(回路・コイル・巻き・電流などが)一次の / 原色(三原色の一つ) / 《米》=primary election

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1. 小児における糸球体腎炎の病因と原因の概要 overview of the pathogenesis and causes of glomerulonephritis in children
2. 悪性腫瘍関連腎疾患の概要 overview of renal disease associated with malignancy
3. 膜性増殖性糸球体腎炎の臨床像、分類、および原因 clinical presentation classification and causes of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
4. 微小変化群の亜型：メサンギウム増殖、IgM腎症、C1q腎症 minimal change variants mesangial proliferation igm nephropathy c1q nephropathy
5. 急速進行性（半月形）糸球体腎炎の分類および治療の概要 overview of the classification and treatment of rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis

English Journal

Incidence of primary glomerulonephritis in a large North-Eastern Italian area: a 13-year renal biopsy study.

Zaza G, Bernich P, Lupo A; ‘Triveneto’ Register of Renal Biopsies (TVRRB).Author information Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University-Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy.AbstractBACKGROUND: The reported incidence of biopsy-proven primary glomerulonephritis (PGN) varies according to geographical, temporal and environmental factors. Consequently, the development of national/regional registers may help clinicians and researchers to improve knowledge about this important clinical condition.
Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association.Nephrol Dial Transplant.2013 Feb;28(2):367-72. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfs437. Epub 2012 Dec 6.
BACKGROUND: The reported incidence of biopsy-proven primary glomerulonephritis (PGN) varies according to geographical, temporal and environmental factors. Consequently, the development of national/regional registers may help clinicians and researchers to improve knowledge about this important clinic
PMID 23223218

[Primary glomerulopathies in Lithuania: a retrospective analysis of renal biopsy cases (2000-2006)].

Beitnaraite S, Kovaliūnas E, Laurinavicius A.Author information 1Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Lithuania.AbstractA retrospective study of 1363 native kidney biopsies, performed at Lithuanian nephrology units and investigated at the National Center of Pathology during the period of 2000-2006, was carried out. Inflammatory glomerulopathies constituted 63.6% of all primary glomerulopathies (834 cases); IgA nephropathy was the most frequent disease (35.0%). The incidence of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis decreased from 22.6% reported in Lithuania previously (1995-1999) to 16.7% in this study; however, it was still higher compared to most European countries. Extracapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis and diffuse endocapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis accounted for 9.1% and 4.4%, respectively. Noninflammatory glomerulopathies were relatively rare: focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis made up 14.8%; minimal change disease, 9.7%; membranous nephropathy, 7.4%. However, their incidence increased compared to the previously reported in 1995-1999 (9.5%, 5.8%, and 4.3%, respectively). It can be concluded that inflammatory glomerulopathies were predominant in Lithuania in 2000-2006; however, these glomerulopathies were less prominent as compared to the previously reported data in 1995-1999.
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania).Medicina (Kaunas).2007;43 Suppl 1:6-10.
A retrospective study of 1363 native kidney biopsies, performed at Lithuanian nephrology units and investigated at the National Center of Pathology during the period of 2000-2006, was carried out. Inflammatory glomerulopathies constituted 63.6% of all primary glomerulopathies (834 cases); IgA nephro
PMID 17551269

Current position of electron microscopy in the diagnosis of glomerular diseases.

Wagrowska-Danilewicz M, Danilewicz M.Author information Department of Nephropathology, Medical University of Lódź. emwude@poczta.onet.plAbstractTo establish the role of electron microscopy in the diagnosis of glomerular diseases we reviewed retrospectively 113 renal biopsies. The biopsies were included in this study if tissue was received for light microscopy, immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. The biopsy was assigned to one of the three following categories on the contribution of the ultrastructural findings to the primary diagnosis: essential, important, and not required. Our study revealed that electron microscopy was essential to establish the primary diagnosis in 35 cases (31.0%), was important, but did not alter the preliminary diagnosis in 15 cases (13.3%) and in 63 cases (55.7%) the ultrastructural examination was not needed to confirm the diagnosis. Electron microscopy was essential to create diagnosis in a total of two cases of thin basement membrane disease, in nephropathy in Alport syndrome, in nephropathy in Fabry disease, and was necessary for establishing final diagnosis in 12 cases (85.7%) of minimal lesion. On the basis of electron microscopy it was also possible to establish the precise diagnosis of subtypes in mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritides, describe the stage of membranous glomerulopathy, and find thickening of glomerular basement membrane in the pre-diabetic state. Moreover, ultrastructural examination was helpful to differentiate membranous and mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis, minimal change nephropathy and early membranous lesions, and distinguish membranous lupus nephritis from idiopathic membranous nephropathy The electron microscopy findings were not of any help in establishing the diagnosis and did not obtain any valuable information in all cases of amyloid nephropathy and IgA nephropathy, as well as in the majority of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, extracapillary glomerulonephritides, and mesangial proliferative glomerulopathies. In conclusion, the results showed that in 44.3% of glomerulopathies the ultrastructural study provides fundamental or important diagnostic information, and therefore electron microscopy still remains a useful tool in the diagnosis of glomerular diseases.
Polish journal of pathology : official journal of the Polish Society of Pathologists.Pol J Pathol.2007;58(2):87-92.
To establish the role of electron microscopy in the diagnosis of glomerular diseases we reviewed retrospectively 113 renal biopsies. The biopsies were included in this study if tissue was received for light microscopy, immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. The biopsy was assigned to one of the
PMID 17715674