preproinsulin

プレプロインスリン、プレプロインシュリン

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/04/09 10:31:14」(JST)

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Ribosomes feed the growing amino acid chain (preproinsulin) directly into the ER where the signal peptide (red) is immediately cleaved off by the signal peptidase (red triangle) to yield proinsulin. This is later processed further to mature and active insulin. Cell components and proteins in this image are not to scale.

Preproinsulin is the primary translational product of the INS gene. It is a peptide that is 110 amino acids in length. Preproinsulin is a proinsulin molecule with a signal peptide attached to its N-terminus.

Insulin synthesis pathway

Preproinsulin is a biologically inactive precursor to the biologically active endocrine hormone insulin. Preproinsulin is converted into proinsulin by signal peptidases, which remove its signal peptide from its N-terminus. Finally, proinsulin is converted into the bioactive hormone insulin by removal of its connecting peptide (C-peptide).

Almost no preproinsulin exists in the cell, because removal of the signal peptide is not a separate step, but rather is closely linked to translocation of the protein into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). For the same reason, preproinsulin is rarely used medicinally, unlike insulin, the mature product, and proinsulin, a stable ER intermediate.

See also

• Proprotein convertase 1, proprotein convertase 2

External links

• preproinsulin definition in the glossary of the Beta Cell Biology Consortium

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. インスリン分泌および膵β細胞の機能 insulin secretion and pancreatic beta cell function
• 2. 1型糖尿病の病因 pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus

English Journal

• Permanent neonatal diabetes due to a novel insulin signal peptide mutation.

• Hussain S, Mohd Ali J, Jalaludin MY, Harun F.SourceDepartment of Paediatrics, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia.
• Pediatric diabetes.Pediatr Diabetes.2013 Jun;14(4):299-303. doi: 10.1111/pedi.12011. Epub 2013 Jan 28.
• We report a rare case of permanent neonatal diabetes (PND) due to insulin (INS) gene mutation in a 51-month-old girl who presented with hyperglycemia in the neonatal period. Mutational analysis of KCNJ11 and INS was performed and this detected a novel heterozygous c.38T>G (p.Leu13Arg) INS de novo
• PMID 23350652

• Insulin and type 1 diabetes: immune connections.

• Culina S, Brezar V, Mallone R.SourceINSERM, U986, DeAR Lab Avenir, Saint Vincent de Paul Hospital, 82 Avenue Denfert Rochereau, 75674 Paris Cedex 14, France.
• European journal of endocrinology / European Federation of Endocrine Societies.Eur J Endocrinol.2013 Jan 17;168(2):R19-31. doi: 10.1530/EJE-12-0693. Print 2013 Feb.
• Insulin is the hormone produced by pancreatic β-cells, with a central role in carbohydrate and fat metabolism. Together with its precursors preproinsulin and proinsulin, insulin is also a key target antigen (Ag) of the autoimmune islet destruction leading to type 1 diabetes. Being recognized by bot
• PMID 23065992

• Regulation of insulin synthesis and secretion and pancreatic Beta-cell dysfunction in diabetes.

• Fu Z, Gilbert ER, Liu D.SourceDepartment of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
• Current diabetes reviews.Curr Diabetes Rev.2013 Jan 1;9(1):25-53.
• Pancreatic β-cell dysfunction plays an important role in the pathogenesis of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Insulin, which is produced in β-cells, is a critical regulator of metabolism. Insulin is synthesized as preproinsulin and processed to proinsulin. Proinsulin is then converted to insulin a
• PMID 22974359

Japanese Journal

• Purification and structural determination of insulins, glucagons and somatostatin from stone flounder, Kareius bicoloratus

• Andoh Tadashi,Nagasawa Hiromichi
• Zoological science 15(6), 939-943, 1998-12-15
• … 15: 901, 1998) that insulin-I and -II of flounders arise from a single preproinsulin in each species by proteolytic cleavage at different sites of the signal peptide region, and suggest that this generation system of two molecular forms of insulin is not specific for barfin flounder. …
• NAID 110003369575

• Two molecular forms of insulin from barfin flounder, Verasper moseri, are derived from a single gene

• Andoh Tadashi,Nagasawa Hiromichi
• Zoological science 15(6), 931-937, 1998-12-15
• … By polymerase chain reaction, only one nucleotide sequence of preproinsulin gene encoding insulin-I and -II was obtained, and the amino acid sequence of A- and B-chains deduced from the nucleotide sequence was identical with that of insulin-I and also insulin-II established by Edman degradation. … Furthermore, genomic Southern blot analysis using a part of nucleotide sequence of the preproinsulin gene as a probe showed a single positive band in all cases of genomic DNA digested with each of three restriction endonucleases. …
• NAID 110003369574

Related Links

• Preproinsulin | Fundstellen im Internet | cyclopaedia.net

Fundstellen zu "Preproinsulin" im Internet, an Universitäten und in der Literatur... cyclopaedia.net ... > Title The Study of Genetic Diversity of Preproinsulin, ACBP, TTR Gene in Ducks and Their Association with Carcass Traits ...

• Preproinsulin | Online references | cyclopaedia.net

References for "Preproinsulin" online, at universities and in literature... cyclopaedia.net ... My Favorite Protein MY FAVORITE PROTEIN. INSULIN. Figure 1. Structure of human insulin hormone by courtesy of the Protein Data Bank.

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リンク元	「プレプロインシュリン」「プレプロインスリン」

「プレプロインシュリン」

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英

preproinsulin

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プレプロインスリン

「プレプロインスリン」

　　[★]

英

preproinsulin

関

インスリン