パップ剤　　　

WordNet

dress by covering with a therapeutic substance (同)plaster
a medical dressing consisting of a soft heated mass of meal or clay that is spread on a cloth and applied to the skin to treat inflamed areas or improve circulation etc. (同)cataplasm, plaster

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パップ剤,湿布剤

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/08/17 21:37:37」(JST)

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Schoolgirls in Britain being shown how to make a poultice, 1942

A poultice, also called cataplasm, is a soft moist mass, often heated and medicated, that is spread on cloth over the skin to treat an aching, inflamed, or painful part of the body. It can be used on wounds such as cuts.

Poultice may also refer to a porous solid filled with solvent used to remove stains from porous stone such as marble or granite.

The word "poultice" comes from the Latin puls, pultes, meaning "porridge".

Types

Some Native Americans used mashed pumpkin or Devil’s club as a poultice.^[1]
In addition to bread and cereals, bran may also be used as a poultice because of its absorbent quality. It is packed into the wound and then covered with a piece of sacking or similar material before being bandaged onto the site of the wound.
There are also many commercial poultices that are ready-made. Some of these may be labeled as "drawing salves".
Ash poultices can cause a chemical burn.^[2]

Inflammation treatment

Linseed flax (Linum usitatissimum) may be used in a poultice for boils, inflammation and wounds.

A poultice is a common treatment used on horses to relieve inflammation. It is usually used on the lower legs, under a stable bandage, to focus treatment on the easily injured tendons in the area. Poultices are sometimes applied as a precautionary measure after the horse has worked hard, such as after a cross-country run, to prevent heat and filling. They are also used to treat abscess wounds, where a build-up of pus needs to be drawn out.

Poultices may also be heated and placed on an area where extra circulation is desired.

Stain removal from decorative stone surfaces

Stone is a porous material which is susceptible to staining. Granite and marble are frequently used in residential construction of bathrooms and kitchens and are susceptible to a variety of stains.

From a chemical standpoint, a porous stone becomes stained when a solution containing a solute penetrates its surface and then evaporates leaving the solid solute behind within the stone. Alternatively, grease may penetrate the porous surface and remain within the stone without evaporating. In either case, the stone will become visibly "stained".

Poultices for removing stains are made from a malleable mass of a porous material (paper, whiting, diatomaceous earth, flour,^[3] limestone^[4]) filled with a solvent which can be applied to the surface of the stone. The solvent used (ammonia, acetone, alcohol, peroxide,^[3] etc.) depends on what substance caused the stain. As the solvent penetrates the surface of the porous stone containing the stain, it forms a single continuous solution between the stone and the poultice on the surface. The poultice is kept moist and covered to allow time for the solvent to sufficiently penetrate the stone and dissolve the staining material, be it grease or solute. The solute will then equilibrate by passive diffusion between the stone and the poultice. After an adequate time for this process to occur, the poultice is removed and with it the solution containing a portion of the dissolved solute or "stain". Multiple repetitions of the process will eventually decrease the concentration of the solute or "stain" within the stone until it is invisible or minimally visible.

References

^ Roberts, Margaret. Edible & Medicinal Flowers. Cape Town, South Africa: New Africa Books, 2000. ISBN 0-86486-467-1
^ Morritt AN, Bache SE, Ralston D, Stephenson AJ., Coal ash poultice: an unusual cause of a chemical burn., J Burn Care Res, 2009 Nov-Dec;30(6):1046-7.
^ ^a ^b "How to Remove Spots from Kitchen Countertops".
^ Maintaining Stone Countertops, This Old House, accessed 4-14-2012

UpToDate Contents

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1. ハーブ剤および栄養補助食品による肝毒性 hepatotoxicity due to herbal medications and dietary supplements

English Journal

Efficacy of Caraway Oil Poultices in Treating Irritable Bowel Syndrome - A Randomized Controlled Cross-Over Trial.

Lauche R1, Janzen A, Lüdtke R, Cramer H, Dobos G, Langhorst J.
Digestion.Digestion.2015 Jun 5;92(1):22-31. [Epub ahead of print]
BACKGROUND/AIM: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a frequent gastrointestinal disorder, with only limited evidence regarding self-management approaches. This study tested the efficacy of caraway oil poultices (CarO) for treating IBS.METHODS: This randomized controlled open-label cross-over trial inc
PMID 26044145

An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants of Chungtia village, Nagaland, India.

Kichu M1, Malewska T1, Akter K1, Imchen I2, Harrington D1, Kohen J1, Vemulpad SR1, Jamie JF3.
Journal of ethnopharmacology.J Ethnopharmacol.2015 May 26;166:5-17. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.02.053. Epub 2015 Mar 6.
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Traditional medicinal plant knowledge is an integral and very important part of Indigenous cultures worldwide. For many communities there is a great urgency in recording this knowledge in written form. This is the first ethnobotanical report of medicinal plant knowled
PMID 25747148

Tradition of use on medicinal species in Valfurva (Sondrio, Italy).

Dei Cas L1, Pugni F2, Fico G3.
Journal of ethnopharmacology.J Ethnopharmacol.2015 Apr 2;163:113-34. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.12.054. Epub 2015 Jan 21.
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: In the past Alpine populations were isolated from comforts of industrial and technological development present in large cities and, therefore, they were obliged to find in nature a source of sustenance and care. Traditional use of plant is a wealth of local knowledge
PMID 25617749

Broken Heart Syndrome: A Typical Case.

Therkleson T1, Stronach S2.
Journal of holistic nursing : official journal of the American Holistic Nurses' Association.J Holist Nurs.2015 Feb 11. pii: 0898010115569883. [Epub ahead of print]
This case describes a combination external treatment for "Broken Heart Syndrome" that includes a lavender footbath, massage using moor extract, and oxalis ointment to the abdomen applied by an Anthroposophic nurse for a specific personality type. Lavender footbaths have been used since ancient times
PMID 25673580

Japanese Journal

Histological dermal changes caused by preparation and application procedures in percutaneous dose toxicity studies in dogs, rabbits and rats

Journal of Toxicologic Pathology 28(1), 1-9, 2015
NAID 130004842607

貼付剤における新規な粘着特性評価法

表面科学 35(1), 30-33, 2014
NAID 130004785001

Histological Dermal Changes Caused by Preparation and Application Procedures in Percutaneous Dose Toxicity Studies in Dogs, Rabbits and Rats

Journal of Toxicologic Pathology, 2014
NAID 130004677740

主に整形外科領域で調剤されるテープ剤とパップ剤の使用感に関する比較 : 薬剤師と医療従事者へのアンケートによる意識調査

応用薬理 85(1), 25-33, 2013-08-26
NAID 10031193109

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