postponement

WordNet

act of putting off to a future time (同)deferment, deferral

PrepTutorEJDIC

延期,あと回し

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/03/15 09:39:10」(JST)

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Postponement is a business strategy that maximizes possible benefit and minimizes risk by delaying further investment into a product or service until the last possible moment. An example of this strategy is Dell Computers' build-to-order online store. Among the earliest reference to the concept was in a paper by Zinn and Bowersox in the Journal of Business Logistics. They highlighted five types: Labelling, Packaging, Assembly, Manufacturing and Time postponements.

A successful example of postponement – delayed differentiation – is the use of “vanilla boxes.”^[1] Semi-finished computers are stored in advance of seeing the actual demand for the finished products. Upon seeing the demand, thus with no residual uncertainty – these “vanilla boxes” are finished by adding (or removing) additional components. The three key interrelated decisions are: (a) how many different types of vanilla boxes to stock, (b) in what quantities, and (c) how to finish to meet the order most effectively.

Postponement in SCM

Postponement is a concept in supply chain management where the manufacturer produces a generic product, which can be modified at the later stages before the final transport to the customer. Take for example an umbrella manufacturer who does not know what the demand will be for different colored umbrellas. The manufacturer will manufacture all white umbrellas and dye them later when umbrellas are in season, and it's easier to predict demand of each color of umbrella. This way the manufacturer can stock up on white umbrellas early with minimal labor costs, and be sure of the demand before they dedicate time and money into predicting the demand so far in the future.

References

^ Swaminathan, J. M.; Tayur, S. R. (1998). "Managing Broader Product Lines through Delayed Differentiation Using Vanilla Boxes". Management Science 44 (12–Part–2): S161. doi:10.1287/mnsc.44.12.S161.

Friedman, Thomas (2006). The World is Flat. Farrar, Straus, Giroux. p. 593. ISBN 0-374-29279-5.

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[1] Swaminathan, J. M.; Tayur, S. R. (1998). "Managing Broader Product Lines through Delayed Differentiation Using Vanilla Boxes". Management Science 44 (12–Part–2): S161. doi:10.1287/mnsc.44.12.S161.

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