ブタの

関: pig、swine

WordNet

relating to or suggesting swine; "comparison between human and porcine pleasures"
live like a pig, in squalor (同)pig it
a crude block of metal (lead or iron) poured from a smelting furnace
stout-bodied short-legged omnivorous animals

PrepTutorEJDIC

豚の,豚に似た
〈C〉『豚』;子豚 / 〈U〉豚肉(pork) / 〈C〉《話》豚のような人(不潔な人,食いしんぼう,欲張り,非常に太った人など) / 〈C〉なまこ(型に流しこんで作った鉄・鉛などの金属塊);なまこを作る型;銑鉄(せんてつ)(pig iron) / 《俗》《軽べつして》おまわり
《米》《集合的に》豚(pig)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/01/20 21:20:07」(JST)

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Suidae is the biological family to which pigs belong. In addition to numerous fossil species, up to sixteen extant species are currently recognized, classified into between four and eight genera. The family includes the domestic pig, Sus scrofa domesticus or Sus domesticus, in addition to numerous species of wild pig, such as the babirusa Babyrousa babyrussa and the warthog Phacochoerus aethiopicus. All suids are native to the Old World, ranging from Asia and its islands, to Europe, and Africa.

The earliest fossil suids date from the Oligocene epoch of Asia, and their descendants reached Europe during the Miocene.^[1] Several fossil species are known, and show adaptations to a wide range of different diets, from strict herbivory to possible carrion-eating (in Tetraconodon).^[2]

Physical characteristics[edit]

Suids belong to the order Artiodactyla, and are generally regarded as the living members of that order most similar to the ancestral form. Unlike most other members of the order, they have four toes on each foot, although they walk only on the middle two digits, with the others staying clear of the ground. They also have a simple stomach, rather than the more complex, ruminant, stomach found in most other Artiodactyl families.^[3]

They are small to medium animals, varying in size from 58 to 66 cm (23 to 26 in) in length, and 6 to 9 kg (13 to 20 lb) in weight in the case of the Pygmy Hog, to 130–210 cm (4–7 ft) and 130–275 kg (300–600 lb) in the Giant Forest Hog. They have large heads and short necks, with relatively small eyes and prominent ears. Their heads have a distinctive snout, ending in a disc-shaped nose. Suids typically have a bristly coat, and a short tail ending in a tassle. The males possess a corkscrew-shaped penis, which fits into a similarly shaped groove in the female's cervix.

Suids have a well-developed sense of hearing, and are vocal animals, communicating with a series of grunts, squeals, and similar sounds. They also have an acute sense of smell. Many species are omnivorous, eating grass, leaves, roots, insects, worms, and even frogs or mice. Other species are more selective and purely herbivorous.^[3]

Their teeth reflect their diet, and suids retain the upper incisors, which are lost in most other Artiodactyls. The canine teeth are enlarged to form prominent tusks, used for rooting in moist earth or undergrowth, and in fighting. They have only a short diastema. The number of teeth varies between species, but the general dental formula is: 1-3.1.2-4.33.1.2.3

Behaviour and reproduction[edit]

Wild boar feeding on carcass, Yala National Park.

Despite their apparently "primitive" anatomy, suids are intelligent and adaptable animals. Adult females (sows) and their young travel in a group (sounder; see List of animal names), while adult males (boars) are either solitary, or travel in small bachelor groups. Males generally are not territorial, and come into conflict only during the mating season.

Litter size varies between one and twelve, depending on the species. The mother prepares a grass nest or similar den, which the young leave after about ten days. Suids are weaned at around three months, and become sexually mature at 18 months. In practice, however, male suids are unlikely to gain access to sows in the wild until they have reached their full physical size, at around four years of age. In all species, the male is significantly larger than the female, and possesses more prominent tusks.^[3]

Classification[edit]

Bearded Pig, Sus barbatus

Chleuastochoerus fossil skull

The complete list of living species, and a partial list of extinct genera known from the fossil record, extinct taxa marked with a dagger "†",^[2] are:

Suidae
- Subfamily †Cainochoerinae
  - Genus †Albanohyus
  - Genus †Cainochoerus
- Subfamily †Hyotheriinae
  - Genus †Aureliachoerus
  - Genus †Chicochoerus
  - Genus †Hyotherium
  - Genus †Nguruwe (formerly placed in Kubanochoerinae)^[4]^[5]
  - Genus †Xenohyus
- Subfamily †Listriodontinae^[4]
  - Tribe †Kubanochoerini
    - Genus †Kubanochoerus (junior synonyms Libycochoerus, Megalochoerus)
  - Tribe †Listriodontini
    - Genus †Eurolistriodon
    - Genus †Listriodon (junior synonym Bunolistriodon)
  - Tribe †Namachoerini
    - Genus †Lopholistriodon
    - Genus †Namachoerus
  - Tribe incertae sedis
    - Genus †Dicoryphochoerus
- Subfamily Suinae
  - Tribe Babyrousini
    - Genus Babyrousa (Pleistocene to recent)
      - Species B. babyrussa Buru babirusa
      - Species †B. bolabatuensis Bola Batu babirusa
      - Species Babyrousa celebensis North Sulawesi babirusa
      - Species Babyrousa togeanensis Togian babirusa
  - Tribe †Hippohyini
    - Genus †Hippohyus (Miocene to Pleistocene)
    - Genus †Sinohyus (Miocene)
    - Genus †Sivahyus (Miocene to Pliocene)
  - Tribe Potamochoerini
    - Genus †Celebochoerus (Pliocene to Pleistocene)
    - Genus Hylochoerus (Pleistocene to recent)
      - Species Hylochoerus meinertzhageni giant forest hog
    - Genus †Kolpochoerus (Miocene to Pleistocene) (junior synonyms Ectopotamochoerus, Mesochoerus, Omochoerus, Promesochoerus)
    - Genus Potamochoerus (Miocene to recent)
      - Species P. larvatus bushpig
      - Species P. porcus red river hog
    - Genus †Propotamochoerus (Miocene to Pliocene)
  - Tribe Suini
    - Genus †Eumaiochoerus (Miocene)
    - Genus †Hippopotamodon (Miocene to Pleistocene) (junior synonym Limnostonyx)
    - Genus †Korynochoerus (Miocene to Pliocene)
    - Genus †Microstonyx (Miocene)
    - Genus Sus (Miocene to recent)
      - Species S. ahoenobarbus Palawan bearded pig
      - Species S. barbatus Bornean bearded pig
      - Species S. bucculentus Heude's pig or Vietnamese warty pig
      - Species S. cebifrons Visayan warty pig
      - Species S. celebensis Celebes warty pig
      - Species S. heureni Flores warty pig
      - Species S. oliveri Mindoro warty pig
      - Species S. philippensis Philippine warty pig
      - Species S. scrofa (also called S. domesticus) domestic pig, wild boar
      - Species S. verrucosus Java warty pig
      - Species †S. strozzi
  - Tribe Phacochoerini
    - Genus †Metridiochoerus (Pliocene to Pleistocene)
    - Genus Phacochoerus (Pliocene to recent)
      - Species P. aethiopicus Cape, Somali or desert warthog
      - Species P. africanus common warthog
    - Genus †Potamochoeroides (Pliocene, possibly Pleistocene)
    - Genus †Stylochoerus (Pleistocene)
  - Tribe incertae sedis ^[6]
    - Genus Porcula
      - Species P. salvania pygmy hog
- Subfamily †Tetraconodontinae
  - Genus †Conohyus
  - Genus †Notochoerus
  - Genus †Nyanzachoerus
  - Genus †Parachleuastochoerus
  - Genus †Sivachoerus
  - Genus †Tetraconodon (Miocene, Myanmar) ^[7]
    - Species †T. intermedius
    - Species †T. malensis
    - Species †T. minor
- Subfamily incertae sedis
  - Genus †Chleuastochoerus^[5]
  - Genus †Hemichoerus
  - Genus †Hyosus
  - Genus †Kenyasus (formerly placed in Kubanochoerinae)^[5]
  - Genus †Schizochoerus^[5]
  - Genus †Sinapriculus^[5]

References[edit]

Wikispecies has information related to: Suidae

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Suidae.

^ Palmer, D., ed. (1999). The Marshall Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals. London: Marshall Editions. p. 269. ISBN 1-84028-152-9.
^ ^a ^b Savage, RJG, & Long, MR (1986). Mammal Evolution: an illustrated guide. New York: Facts on File. pp. 212–213. ISBN 0-8160-1194-X.
^ ^a ^b ^c Cumming, David (1984). Macdonald, D., ed. The Encyclopedia of Mammals. New York: Facts on File. pp. 500–503. ISBN 0-87196-871-1.
^ ^a ^b Maeva, J.O. (2009). "The differentiation of bunodont Listriodontinae (Mammalia, Suidae) of Africa: new data from Kalodirr and Moruorot, Kenya". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 157 (3): 653–678. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00525.x.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Maeva, J.O.; et al. (2010). "Phylogenetic relationships of the Suidae (Mammalia, Cetartiodactyla): new insights on the relationships within Suoidea". Zoologica Scripta 39 (4): 315–330. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2010.00431.x. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help)
^ Funk, S.M.; et al. (2007). "The pygmy hog is a unique genus: 19th century taxonomists got it right first time round". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 45 (2): 427–436. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.08.007. PMID 17905601. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help)
^ Htike, T.; et al. (2005). "A revision of Tetraconodon (Mammalia, Artiodactyla, Suidae) from the Miocene of Myanmar and description of a new species". Paleontological Research 9 (3): 243–254. doi:10.2517/prpsj.9.243. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help)

UpToDate Contents

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Shen J, Zhang A, Xu H, Sirois P, Zhang J, Li K, Xiao L1.Author information 1Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Biopharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China. kaili34@gmail.com.AbstractSwine flu and avian flu outbreaks have occurred in recent years in addition to seasonal flu. As mortality rate records are not available at the early stage of an outbreak, two parameters may be useful to assess the viral virulence : 1. the time required for the first domestic case in a newly involved region, and 2. the doubling time of new infected cases. Viral virulence is one of the most important factors in guiding short term and immediate responses. Although routine surveillance and repeated vaccination are useful efforts, some novel strategies that may be relevant to prevent and control the spread of influenza among human beings and domestic animals are discussed.
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Berri M1, Virlogeux-Payant I2, Chevaleyre C3, Melo S4, Zanello G5, Salmon H6, Meurens F7.Author information 1INRA Centre de Val de Loire, UMR-1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, F-37380 Nouzilly, France. Electronic address: mberri@tours.inra.fr.2INRA Centre de Val de Loire, UMR-1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, F-37380 Nouzilly, France. Electronic address: ipayant@tours.inra.fr.3INRA Centre de Val de Loire, UMR-1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, F-37380 Nouzilly, France. Electronic address: chevaley@tours.inra.fr.4INRA Centre de Val de Loire, UMR-1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, F-37380 Nouzilly, France. Electronic address: melo@tours.inra.fr.5INRA Centre de Val de Loire, UMR-1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, F-37380 Nouzilly, France. Electronic address: galliano.zanello@utoronto.ca.6INRA Centre de Val de Loire, UMR-1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, F-37380 Nouzilly, France. Electronic address: hsalmon@gmail.com.7INRA Centre de Val de Loire, UMR-1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, F-37380 Nouzilly, France. Electronic address: francois.meurens@usask.ca.AbstractCCL28 chemokine is expressed by epithelial cells of various mucosal tissues. This chemokine binds to CCR3 and CCR10 receptors and plays an essential role in the IgA antibody secreting cells (IgA-ASC) homing to mucosal surfaces and to lactating mammary gland as well. In addition, CCL28 has been shown to exert a potent antimicrobial activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and fungi. Using the pig model, we investigated the expression of both CCR10 and CCR3 receptors in a large panel of mucosal tissues. RT-PCR analysis revealed the expression of CCR3 and CCR10 mRNA in salivary glands, nasal mucosae, Peyer's patches, small and large intestine, suggesting the presence of leucocytes expressing these receptors within these tissues. CCR10 mRNA was observed in sow mammary gland at late gestation with an increasing level during lactation. Recombinant porcine CCL28 protein was produced and mass spectrometry analysis revealed antimicrobial chemokines features such as a high pI value (10.2) and a C-terminal highly positively-charged region. Using a viable count assay, we showed that CCL28 displayed antimicrobial activity against enteric pathogens and was effective in killing Salmonella serotypes Dublin and Choleraesuis, enteroinvasive Escherichia coli K88 and non-pathogenic E. Coli K12. The potent antimicrobial function of CCL28 combined with its wide distribution in mucosal tissues and secretions suggest that this protein plays an important role in innate immune protection of the epithelial surfaces.
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The feasibility of using hyperspectral imaging technique (1000-2500 nm) for predicting moisture content (MC) during the salting process of porcine meat was assessed. Different spectral profiles including reflectance spectra (RS), absorbance spectra (AS) and Kubelka-Munk spectra (KMS) were examined t
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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「pig」「ブタ」「swine」
拡張検索	「porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus」「porcine transmissible gastroenteritis」「porcine endogenous retrovirus」「enzootic porcine encephalomyelitis」「porcine parvovirus」

「pig」

Suidae; Temporal range: Oligocene–Recent PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
	Potamochoerus porcus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Artiodactyla
Suborder:	Suina
Family:	Suidae; Gray, 1821
Genera
	Over 30 extinct genera, 6 extant,; see text.

　　[★]

ブタ

関: porcine、swine、warthog

「ブタ」

　　[★]

英: pig、swine、porcine
関: イボイノシシ

「swine」

　　[★]

ブタ

関: pig、porcine、warthog

「porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus」

　　[★]

ブタ繁殖・呼吸障害症候群ウイルス、ブタ生殖器呼吸器症候群ウイルス

関: Lelystad virus、PRRSV

「porcine transmissible gastroenteritis」

　　[★]

ブタ伝染性胃腸炎

関: transmissible gastroenteritis of swine

「porcine endogenous retrovirus」

　　[★] ブタ内因性レトロウイルス

「enzootic porcine encephalomyelitis」

　　[★]

地方病性ブタ脳脊髄炎

「porcine parvovirus」

　　[★]

ブタパルボウイルス

[1] Palmer, D., ed. (1999). The Marshall Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals. London: Marshall Editions. p. 269. ISBN 1-84028-152-9.

[MamEv-2] Savage, RJG, & Long, MR (1986). Mammal Evolution: an illustrated guide. New York: Facts on File. pp. 212–213. ISBN 0-8160-1194-X.

[EoM-3] Cumming, David (1984). Macdonald, D., ed. The Encyclopedia of Mammals. New York: Facts on File. pp. 500–503. ISBN 0-87196-871-1.

[Maeva2009-4] Maeva, J.O. (2009). "The differentiation of bunodont Listriodontinae (Mammalia, Suidae) of Africa: new data from Kalodirr and Moruorot, Kenya". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 157 (3): 653–678. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00525.x.

[Maeva2010-5] Maeva, J.O.; et al. (2010). "Phylogenetic relationships of the Suidae (Mammalia, Cetartiodactyla): new insights on the relationships within Suoidea". Zoologica Scripta 39 (4): 315–330. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2010.00431.x. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help)

[Funk2007-6] Funk, S.M.; et al. (2007). "The pygmy hog is a unique genus: 19th century taxonomists got it right first time round". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 45 (2): 427–436. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.08.007. PMID 17905601. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help)

[Htike2005-7] Htike, T.; et al. (2005). "A revision of Tetraconodon (Mammalia, Artiodactyla, Suidae) from the Miocene of Myanmar and description of a new species". Paleontological Research 9 (3): 243–254. doi:10.2517/prpsj.9.243. Cite uses deprecated parameters (help)

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案内

porcine