ポリビニル
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- a polymer of vinyl formaldehyde
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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2016/03/17 01:07:00」(JST)
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This article is about polymers derived from vinyl. For other uses, see Polyvinyl (disambiguation).
Vinyl polymer products (such as these records) come in many colors.
Vinyl polymers are a group of polymers derived from vinyl monomers. Their backbone is an extended alkane chain, made by polymerizing an alkene group (C=C) into a chain (..-C-C-C-C-..). In popular usage, "vinyl" refers only to polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Vinyl polymers are the most common type of plastic:
- Polymerized simple alkenes: polyethylene from ethene, polypropylene from propene and polybutadiene from butadiene.
- Polystyrene is made from styrene or "vinyl benzene".
- Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is made by polymerization of the monomer vinyl chloride (chloroethene) CH2=CHCl
- Polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) is made by polymerization of vinyl acetate. In a water suspension, this is used as a glue.
- Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is produced by hydrolysis of polyvinyl acetate. (Not by polymerization of the monomer vinyl alcohol or ethenol, which is an unfavored keto-enol tautomer of acetaldehyde.)
- Polyacrylonitrile is prepared from acrylonitrile
While polymerized forms of other 1,2-substituated vinyl monomers are thermodynamically favorable, they are not generally able to polymerize due to steric hindrance. A notable exception to this was found[1] with the monomer fumaronitrile, where polymerization occurs through an unconventional mechanism.
- .
Vinyl polymers are produced catalytically; titanium-centered Ziegler-Natta catalyst is the main modern commercial catalyst.
A very thin film of monomer was prepared in a vacuum chamber on a tantalum substrate at -173°C and then photopolymerized. Due to the poor penetration depth of the radiation, thin polymer films with thickness several micrometres were obtained nevertheless with degree of polymerization in the 10,000 range. The polymerization is able to take place because the monomer molecules in the film are completely disorganized (isotropic) and therefore there is always a possibility for two monomers to react which they do not have in the crystalline phase.
References
- ^ Polymerization of "Unpolymerizable" Molecules through Topological Control Seth Washburn, Jochen Lauterbach, and Christopher M. Snively Macromolecules; 2006; 39(24) pp 8210 - 8212; (Communication to the Editor) doi: 10.1021/ma061724j
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English Journal
- Preparation and properties of a pH sensitive carrier based on three kinds of polymer blend to control the release of 5-amino salicylic acid.
- Dong Y, Zhou Z, Ding H, Zhang S.Author information Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Interventional Medical Devices, Huaiyin Institute of Technology , Huaian, Jiangsu Province , P.R. China .AbstractCONTEXT: High concentration of 5-amino salicylic acid (5-ASA) in the distal ileum and colon is necessary for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The control of small molecules, drugs, released from a polymeric matrix remains a great challenge.
- Pharmaceutical development and technology.Pharm Dev Technol.2014 Dec;19(8):960-7. doi: 10.3109/10837450.2013.846372.
- CONTEXT: High concentration of 5-amino salicylic acid (5-ASA) in the distal ileum and colon is necessary for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The control of small molecules, drugs, released from a polymeric matrix remains a great challenge.OBJECTIVE: To study the preparation and pr
- PMID 24320757
- Investigation into physical-chemical variables affecting the manufacture and dissolution of wet-milled clarithromycin nanoparticles.
- Shahbazi Niaz M, Traini D, Young PM, Ghadiri M, Rohanizadeh R.Author information Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran .AbstractA critical problem associated with poor water-soluble drugs is their low and variable bioavailability, which is derived from the slow dissolution and erratic absorption. Nano-formulation has been identified as one approach to enhance the rate and extent of drug absorption for compounds that demonstrate limited water solubility. This study aimed to investigate the physico-chemical variables that affect the manufacture, dissolution and consequent bioavailability of wet-milled clarithromycin (CLA) nanoparticles, a macrolide antibiotic. CLA nanoparticles were prepared using wet milling method followed by freeze-drying. Different stabilizer systems, consisting of surfactants and polymers alone or their combinations were studied to determine the optimum conditions for producing nano-sized CLA particles. In vitro characterizations of the CLA nanoparticles were performed using dynamic light scattering, X-ray powder diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry and dissolution efficiency test. Results showed that in general the wet milling process did not modify the crystallinity of the CLA nanoparticles. The poloxamers and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) stabilizers resulted in nanoparticles with the smallest particle size and best dissolution rates. Furthermore, poloxamers F68 and F127, and PVA stabilizers demonstrated the best performance in increasing dissolution efficacy.
- Pharmaceutical development and technology.Pharm Dev Technol.2014 Dec;19(8):911-21. doi: 10.3109/10837450.2013.840844. Epub 2013 Oct 4.
- A critical problem associated with poor water-soluble drugs is their low and variable bioavailability, which is derived from the slow dissolution and erratic absorption. Nano-formulation has been identified as one approach to enhance the rate and extent of drug absorption for compounds that demonstr
- PMID 24093825
- Formulation of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride loaded biodegradable nanoparticles: optimization of technique and process variables.
- Mobarak DH, Salah S, Elkheshen SA.Author information Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt and.AbstractPoly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA 502 H) nanoparticles incorporating ciprofloxacin HCl (CP) were prepared by double emulsion solvent diffusion technique.
- Pharmaceutical development and technology.Pharm Dev Technol.2014 Nov;19(7):891-900. doi: 10.3109/10837450.2013.836293. Epub 2013 Sep 13.
- Poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA 502 H) nanoparticles incorporating ciprofloxacin HCl (CP) were prepared by double emulsion solvent diffusion technique.METHODS: The influence of the application of probe sonication besides the high pressure homogenization in the preparation of the secondary emulsio
- PMID 24032531
Japanese Journal
- 遠赤外線照射によるEOG滅菌後のエアレーション時間短縮効果の検討
- 医療関連感染 = Journal of healthcare-associated infection 10(1), 38-46, 2017-09
- NAID 40021368199
- ポリイタコン酸-ポリビニルアルコール系IPNヒドロゲルを利用した植物育成に関する研究
- 農業施設 = Journal of the Society of Agricultural Structures, Japan 48(3), 146-153, 2017-09
- NAID 40021339891
- キャベツセル苗の根鉢形成前定植を可能にして定植後生育を促進する培養土ブロック化処理
- 東京農業大学農学集報 = Journal of agriculture science, Tokyo University of Agriculture 62(2), 62-67, 2017-09
- NAID 120006358268
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