・リリボヌクレオチド、・リリボ核酸

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/10/19 00:52:06」(JST)

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A polynucleotide molecule is a biopolymer composed of 13 or more^[1] nucleotide monomers covalently bonded in a chain. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid) are examples of polynucleotides with distinct biological function. The prefix poly comes from the ancient Greek πολυς (polys, many). DNA consists of two chains of polynucleotides, with each chain in the form of a helical spiral.

Sequence

Although DNA and RNA do not generally occur in the same polynucleotide, the four species of nucleotides may occur in any order in the chain. The sequence of DNA or RNA species for a given polynucleotide is the main factor determining its function in a living organism or a scientific experiment.

Polynucleotides in organisms

Polynucleotides occur naturally in all living organisms. The genome of an organism consists of complementary pairs of enormously long polynucleotides wound around each other in the form of a double helix. Polynucleotides have a variety of other roles in organisms.

Polynucleotides in scientific experiments

Polynucleotides are used in biochemical experiments such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or DNA sequencing. Polynucleotides are made artificially from oligonucleotides, smaller nucleotide chains with generally fewer than 30 subunits. A polymerase enzyme is used to extend the chain by adding nucleotides according to a pattern specified by the scientist.

References

^ Polynucleotides at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

English Journal

Unlocking the steric gate of DNA polymerase η leads to increased genomic instability in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Donigan KA1, Cerritelli SM2, McDonald JP1, Vaisman A1, Crouch RJ2, Woodgate R3.
DNA repair.DNA Repair (Amst).2015 Nov;35:1-12. doi: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2015.07.002. Epub 2015 Aug 7.
DNA polymerase η (pol η) is best characterized for its ability to perform accurate and efficient translesion DNA synthesis (TLS) through cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs). To ensure accurate bypass the polymerase is not only required to select the correct base, but also discriminate between NTP
PMID 26340535

Thioflavin T as a fluorescence probe for monitoring RNA metabolism at molecular and cellular levels.

Sugimoto S1, Arita-Morioka K2, Mizunoe Y3, Yamanaka K2, Ogura T4.
Nucleic acids research.Nucleic Acids Res.2015 Aug 18;43(14):e92. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkv338. Epub 2015 Apr 16.
The intrinsically stochastic dynamics of mRNA metabolism have important consequences on gene regulation and non-genetic cell-to-cell variability; however, no generally applicable methods exist for studying such stochastic processes quantitatively. Here, we describe the use of the amyloid-binding pro
PMID 25883145

Sm-like protein Hfq: Composition of the native complex, modifications, and interactions.

Obregon KA1, Hoch CT1, Sukhodolets MV2.
Biochimica et biophysica acta.Biochim Biophys Acta.2015 Aug;1854(8):950-66. doi: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2015.03.016. Epub 2015 Apr 17.
The bacterial Sm-like protein Hfq has been linked functionally to reactions that involve RNA; however, its explicit role and primary cellular localization remain elusive. We carried out a detailed biochemical characterization of native Escherichia coli Hfq obtained through methods that preserve its
PMID 25896386

Japanese Journal

Visualization and enumeration of marine planktonic archaea and bacteria by using polyribonucleotide probes and fluorescent in situ hybridization

DELONG E. F.
Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65, 5554-5563, 1999
NAID 80011421727

2R01 ポリリボ核酸複合体の液晶生成,構造および磁場効果

飯塚英策,近藤慶之
液晶討論会講演予稿集 4, 4-5, 1978-10-09
NAID 110001495047

1B01 ポリリボ核酸複合体の液晶生成,構造および磁場効果

飯塚英策
液晶討論会講演予稿集 3, 61-62, 1977-11-21
NAID 110001466870

Related Pictures

Polyribonucleotide Nucleotidyltransferase Enzymatic Reaction (image will open in a The DNA: Salient Features Structural drawing of a polyribonucleotide (ATP); Polyribonucleotide synthase(ATP