plenitude

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豊富,十分

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/12/13 12:40:16」(JST)

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The plenitude principle or principle of plenitude asserts that everything that can happen will happen eventually.

The historian of ideas Arthur Lovejoy was the first to discuss this philosophically important Principle explicitly, tracing it back to Aristotle, who said that no possibilities which remain eternally possible will go unrealized,^[1] then forward to Kant, via the following sequence of adherents:

Epicurus reiterated the principle in fr.266 Us. His follower Lucretius (DRN V 526-33 ) famously applied the principle to the sets of multiple explanations by which the Epicureans account for astronomical and meteorological phenomena: every possible explanation is also true, if not in our world, then somewhere else in the infinite universe.
Augustine of Hippo brought the Principle from Neo-Platonic thought into early Christian Theology.
St Anselm's ontological arguments for God's existence used the Principle's implication that nature will become as complete as it possibly can be, to argue that existence is a 'perfection' in the sense of a completeness or fullness.
Thomas Aquinas accepted a modified form of the principle, but qualified it by making several distinctions that safeguard the freedom of God.^[2]
Giordano Bruno's insistence on an infinity of worlds was not based on the theories of Copernicus, or on observation, but on the Principle applied to God. His death may then be attributed to his conviction of its truth.
Kant believed in the Principle but not in its empirical verification, even in principle.

In physics, experimentalists became increasingly positive toward the many-worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics, ‘probably [because] they have recently produced so many “weird” (but perfectly repeatable) experimental results [...] and therefore simply accept that the world is a weirder place than we thought it was and get on with their calculations.’^[3]

References

Arthur Lovejoy, The Great Chain of Being. Harvard University Press, 1936: ISBN 0-674-36153-9
- Chapter IV "The Principle of Plenitude and the New Cosmography", p. 99–143.
- Chapter V "Plenitude and Sufficient Reason in Leibniz and Spinoza" p. 144–182.

Notes

^ Arist. Phys. III, 4, 203b25-30
^ Caldecott, Stratford (Spring 2003). "Creation as a Call to Holiness". Communio. http://conservation.catholic.org/caldecott_2.htm. "God creates whatever exists because it is fitting, not because it is necessary to him, nor because he is constrained by something outside himself."
^ Tegmark, Max (1998). "The Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics: Many Worlds or Many Words?". Fortschritte der Physik 46 (6–8): 855–862. arXiv:quant-ph/9709032. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1521-3978(199811)46:6/8<855::AID-PROP855>3.0.CO;2-Q.

English Journal

Synthetic microbial ecosystems: an exciting tool to understand and apply microbial communities.

De Roy K, Marzorati M, Van den Abbeele P, Van de Wiele T, Boon N.Author information Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Coupure Links 653, 9000, Gent, Belgium.AbstractMany microbial ecologists have described the composition of microbial communities in a plenitude of environments, which has greatly improved our basic understanding of microorganisms and ecosystems. However, the factors and processes that influence the behaviour and functionality of an ecosystem largely remain black boxes when using conventional approaches. Therefore, synthetic microbial ecology has gained a lot of interest in the last few years. Because of their reduced complexity and increased controllability, synthetic communities are often preferred over complex communities to examine ecological theories. They limit the factors that influence the microbial community to a minimum, allowing their management and identifying specific community responses. However, besides their use for basic research, synthetic ecosystems also found their way towards different applications, like industrial fermentation and bioremediation. Here, we review why and how synthetic microbial communities are applied for research purposes and for which applications they have been and could be successfully used.
Environmental microbiology.Environ Microbiol.2013 Nov 26. doi: 10.1111/1462-2920.12343. [Epub ahead of print]
Many microbial ecologists have described the composition of microbial communities in a plenitude of environments, which has greatly improved our basic understanding of microorganisms and ecosystems. However, the factors and processes that influence the behaviour and functionality of an ecosystem lar
PMID 24274586

Yeast metabolic engineering--targeting sterol metabolism and terpenoid formation.

Wriessnegger T, Pichler H.Author information ACIB-Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Graz, Austria.AbstractTerpenoids comprise various structures conferring versatile functions to eukaryotes, for example in the form of prenyl-anchors they attach proteins to membranes. The physiology of eukaryotic membranes is fine-tuned by another terpenoid class, namely sterols. Evidence is accumulating that numerous membrane proteins require specific sterol structural features for function. Moreover, sterols are intermediates in the synthesis of steroids serving as hormones in higher eukaryotes. Like steroids many compounds of the terpenoid family do not contribute to membrane architecture, but serve as signalling, protective or attractant/repellent molecules. Particularly plants have developed a plenitude of terpenoid biosynthetic routes branching off early in the sterol biosynthesis pathway and, thereby, forming one of the largest groups of naturally occurring organic compounds. Many of these aromatic and volatile molecules are interesting for industrial application ranging from foods to pharmaceuticals. Combining the fortunate situation that sterol biosynthesis is highly conserved in eukaryotes with the amenability of yeasts to genetic and metabolic engineering, basically all naturally occurring terpenoids might be produced involving yeasts. Such engineered yeasts are useful for the study of biological functions and molecular interactions of terpenoids as well as for the large-scale production of high-value compounds, which are unavailable in sufficient amounts from natural sources due to their low abundance.
Progress in lipid research.Prog Lipid Res.2013 Jul;52(3):277-93. doi: 10.1016/j.plipres.2013.03.001. Epub 2013 Apr 6.
Terpenoids comprise various structures conferring versatile functions to eukaryotes, for example in the form of prenyl-anchors they attach proteins to membranes. The physiology of eukaryotic membranes is fine-tuned by another terpenoid class, namely sterols. Evidence is accumulating that numerous me
PMID 23567752

[Nursing in prison: inmates as patients].

Alderson M, Saint-Jean M, Therriault PY, Rhéaume J, Ruelland I, Lavoie M.Author information Université de Montreal, Canada. marie.alderson@umontreal.caAbstractThere are very few studies investigating the work nurses do in prisons. Based on data stemming from a research in Psychodynamics of Work and a literature review, this paper describes nursing practices in a Canadian penitentiary institution. Three male nurses and two female nurses participated in three two-hour long focus group sessions. Central sources of pleasure that emerged from the focus groups were the scope of nursing care practice ; the autonomy and collaboration with physicians; nursing care practices devoid of moral value judgments, the humanitarian approach, caring and the wish to make a difference in the lives of the inmates ; the pride connected to this unusual professional context, and the recognition by peers and inmates. The main sources of suffering on the other hand were the feeling that rehabilitation was more an ideal than reality ; the paradox of providing both care and safety ; the scary characteristics of working alone ; the fear of lawsuits, and the feeling of being observed continuously. The resulting data we discuss show the issues of a certain dissociation that exists between the patient and the inmate, the fear of contamination of a healthcare nursing identity by the place of practice, but also the feeling of plenitude and sublimation. The conclusion stresses the tension that exists between security and caring, distance and proximity.
Recherche en soins infirmiers.Rech Soins Infirm.2013 Jun;(113):95-106.
There are very few studies investigating the work nurses do in prisons. Based on data stemming from a research in Psychodynamics of Work and a literature review, this paper describes nursing practices in a Canadian penitentiary institution. Three male nurses and two female nurses participated in thr
PMID 23923742

Japanese Journal

プレニテュード-新しい<豊かさ>の経済学, ジュリエット・B・ショア著, 森岡孝二監訳, 岩波書店, 2011年

金子裕一郎
季刊経済理論 49(3), 104-106, 2012-10-20
NAID 110009820310

書評プレニテュード : 新しい〈豊かさ〉の経済学ジュリエット･B･ショア著/森岡孝二監訳

金子裕一郎
季刊経済理論 49(3), 104-106, 2012-10
NAID 40019465091

La Plenitude de la Comtesse des Digues

NARAHASHI-HENRY Nathalie
教養論叢 (133), 1-19, 2012
NAID 40019227306

Related Pictures

Plenitude » celula-plenitude plenitude-michele-kech-slide4 Chi: Liberando o potencial infinito do Laisser un commentaire Annuler la réponse Vaches autour du lac de melchsee-frutt en plenitude-deus

[1] Arist. Phys. III, 4, 203b25-30

[2] Caldecott, Stratford (Spring 2003). "Creation as a Call to Holiness". Communio. http://conservation.catholic.org/caldecott_2.htm. "God creates whatever exists because it is fitting, not because it is necessary to him, nor because he is constrained by something outside himself."

[3] Tegmark, Max (1998). "The Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics: Many Worlds or Many Words?". Fortschritte der Physik 46 (6–8): 855–862. arXiv:quant-ph/9709032. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1521-3978(199811)46:6/8<855::AID-PROP855>3.0.CO;2-Q.

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