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Plasmodiocarp of the slime mold Hemitrichia serpula: the living structure contains many nuclei, not separated from each other by cell membranes or cell walls.

A plasmodium is a living structure of cytoplasm that contains many nuclei, rather than being divided into individual cells each with a single nucleus.

Plasmodia are best known from slime molds, but are also found in parasitic Cnidospora, and some algae such as the Chlorarachniophyta.

StructureEdit

A plasmodium is an amoeboid, multinucleate and naked mass of cytoplasm that contains many diploid nuclei. The resulting structure, a coenocyte, is created by many nuclear divisions without the process of cytokinesis which in other organisms pulls newly-divided cells apart.^[1]

Taxonomic distributionEdit

The term plasmodium, introduced by Leon Cienkowski,^[2] usually refers to the feeding stage of slime molds; these are macroscopic myxomycetes.^[3]

The multinucleate developmental stages of some intracellular parasites, namely Microsporidia (now in Fungi) and Myxosporidia (now in Cnidaria), former cnidosporans, are also sometimes called plasmodia.^[4]

Similarly, in Rhizaria, the ameboid, multinucleate protoplasts of some Cercozoan algae, e.g. Chlorarachniophyta, are called plasmodia. These lack cell walls; the syncytia are created by cell fusion.^[4] Some plasmodiophorids and haplosporidians are other multinucleated rhizarians.^[5]

ReferencesEdit

^ Sharma OP. (1988). "4. Myxomycota". Textbook of Fungi. Boston: McGraw Hill Higher Education. pp. 33–48. ISBN 0-07-460329-9. Retrieved January 31, 2013.
^ Kuznicki, L. & Dryl, S. (1987). Leon Cienkowski. Acta Protozoologica 26 (1): 1-2, [1].
^ Berg, Linda (2008). Introductory Botany: Plants, People, and the Environment (2nd ed.). Belmont CA: Thomson Corporation. p. 398. ISBN 0-03-075453-4.
^ ^a ^b Hoek, C. van den, Mann, D.G. and Jahns, H.M. (1995). Algae An Introduction to Phycology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. ISBN 0-521-30419-9.
^ Brown MW, Kolisko M, Silberman JD, Roger AJ. (2012). Aggregative Multicellularity Evolved Independently in the Eukaryotic Supergroup Rhizaria. Current Biology, Volume 22, Issue 12, 1123-1127.

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

In silico identification of promiscuous scaffolds as potential inhibitors of 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase for treatment of Falciparum malaria.

Wadood A1, Ghufran M1, Hassan SF2, Khan H1, Azam SS3, Rashid U4.
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CONTEXT: Malaria remains one of the prevalent infectious diseases worldwide. Plasmodium falciparum 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase (PfDXR) plays a role in isoprenoid biosynthesis in the malaria parasite, making this parasite enzyme an attractive target for antimalarial drug design. F
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The Anopheles FBN9 immune factor mediates Plasmodium species-specific defense through transgenic fat body expression.

Simões ML1, Dong Y1, Hammond A2, Hall A2, Crisanti A2, Nolan T2, Dimopoulos G3.
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Simple detection of single nucleotide polymorphism in Plasmodium falciparum by SNP-LAMP assay combined with lateral flow dipstick.

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The significant strides made in reducing global malaria burden over the past decades are being threatened by the emergence of multi-drug resistant malaria. Mechanisms of resistance to several classes of antimalarial drugs have been linked to key mutations in the Plasmodium falciparum genes. Pyrimeth
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Japanese Journal

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電気学会論文誌. C, 電子・情報・システム部門誌 = IEEJ transactions on electronics, information and systems 134(11), 1755-1759, 2014-11
NAID 40020264788

電気刺激による粘菌活性度の推定とその環境指標としての可能性:－走電性と菌体内ATP濃度との相関－

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The concentration of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the plasmodium of Physarum polycephalum changes in response to environmental pollution, but the concentration cannot be discerned directly. This st …
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Stable Allele Frequency Distribution of the Plasmodium falciparum clag Genes Encoding Components of the High Molecular Weight Rhoptry Protein Complex

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Tropical Medicine and Health 40(3), 71-77, 2012
… Plasmodium falciparum Clag protein is a candidate component of the plasmodial surface anion channel located on the parasite-infected erythrocyte. …
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