関: gamma-catenin

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/06/05 14:20:38」(JST)

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Junction plakoglobin, also known as gamma-catenin or JUP, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the JUP gene.^[1] It is a member of the catenin protein family and homologous to β-catenin.

Function

This gene encodes a major cytoplasmic protein that is the only known constituent common to submembranous plaques of both desmosomes and intermediate junctions. This protein forms distinct complexes with cadherins and desmosomal cadherins and is a member of the catenin family, since it contains a distinct repeating amino acid motif called the armadillo repeat.^[1]

Plakoglobin (gamma-catenin) was originally identified as a component of desmosomes, where it can bind to the cadherin family member desmoglein I. Plakoglobin also associates with classical cadherins such as E-cadherin; in that context, it was called gamma-catenin. Plakoglobin is O-glycosylated near its N-terminal destruction box.

Clinical significance

Mutation of the gene encoding plakoglobin has been implicated as one of the causes of the cardiomyopathy known as arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD).^[2] The form of ARVD in which a mutated form of plakoglobin is present was first identified in a small cluster of families on the Greek island of Naxos. This form of the disorder is autosomal recessive. The phenotype of the Naxos variant of ARVD is unique in that it involves the hair and skin as well as the right ventricle. Affected individuals have wooly, kinky hair; there is also palmar and plantar erythema at birth that progresses to keratosis as the palms and soles of the feet are used in crawling and walking. These findings co-segregate 100% with the development of ARVD by early adolescence.

It is also implicated in Pemphigus vulgaris along with genes encoding for Desmoglein 1 and 3.

Interactions

Plakoglobin has been shown to interact with:

APC,^[3]^[4]
CTNNA1,^[5]^[6]^[7]
CTNNB1,^[8]^[9]
CDH1,^[3]^[8]^[10]^[11]^[12]
CDH2,^[5]^[13]
CDH3,^[14]
CDH5,^[15]^[16]
DSG2,^[17]^[18]^[19]
DSP,^[20]^[21]
MUC1,^[22]
PKP2,^[23]
PTPkappa (PTPRK),^[24] and
PTPrho (PTPRT).^[25]

References

^ ^a ^b "Entrez Gene: JUP junction plakoglobin".
^ Garcia-Gras E, Lombardi R, Giocondo MJ, Willerson JT, Schneider MD, Khoury DS, Marian AJ (July 2006). "Suppression of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling by nuclear plakoglobin recapitulates phenotype of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy". J. Clin. Invest. 116 (7): 2012–21. doi:10.1172/JCI27751. PMC 1483165. PMID 16823493.
^ ^a ^b Shibata T, Gotoh M, Ochiai A, Hirohashi S (August 1994). "Association of plakoglobin with APC, a tumor suppressor gene product, and its regulation by tyrosine phosphorylation". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 203 (1): 519–22. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1994.2213. PMID 8074697.
^ Daniel JM, Reynolds A B (September 1995). "The tyrosine kinase substrate p120cas binds directly to E-cadherin but not to the adenomatous polyposis coli protein or alpha-catenin". Mol. Cell. Biol. 15 (9): 4819–24. PMC 230726. PMID 7651399.
^ ^a ^b Sacco PA, McGranahan T M, Wheelock M J, Johnson K R (August 1995). "Identification of plakoglobin domains required for association with N-cadherin and alpha-catenin". J. Biol. Chem. 270 (34): 20201–6. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.34.20201. PMID 7650039.
^ Roe S, Koslov E R, Rimm D L (June 1998). "A mutation in alpha-catenin disrupts adhesion in clone A cells without perturbing its actin and beta-catenin binding activity". Cell Adhes. Commun. 5 (4): 283–96. doi:10.3109/15419069809040298. PMID 9762469.
^ Obama H, Ozawa M (April 1997). "Identification of the domain of alpha-catenin involved in its association with beta-catenin and plakoglobin (gamma-catenin)". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (17): 11017–20. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.17.11017. PMID 9110993.
^ ^a ^b Hazan RB, Norton L (April 1998). "The epidermal growth factor receptor modulates the interaction of E-cadherin with the actin cytoskeleton". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (15): 9078–84. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.15.9078. PMID 9535896.
^ Kucerová D, Sloncová E, Tuhácková Z, Vojtechová M, Sovová V (December 2001). "Expression and interaction of different catenins in colorectal carcinoma cells". Int. J. Mol. Med. 8 (6): 695–8. doi:10.3892/ijmm.8.6.695. PMID 11712088.
^ Kinch MS, Clark G J, Der C J, Burridge K (July 1995). "Tyrosine phosphorylation regulates the adhesions of ras-transformed breast epithelia". J. Cell Biol. 130 (2): 461–71. doi:10.1083/jcb.130.2.461. PMC 2199929. PMID 7542250.
^ Hinck L, Näthke I S, Papkoff J, Nelson W J (June 1994). "Dynamics of cadherin/catenin complex formation: novel protein interactions and pathways of complex assembly". J. Cell Biol. 125 (6): 1327–40. doi:10.1083/jcb.125.6.1327. PMC 2290923. PMID 8207061.
^ Knudsen KA, Wheelock M J (August 1992). "Plakoglobin, or an 83-kD homologue distinct from beta-catenin, interacts with E-cadherin and N-cadherin". J. Cell Biol. 118 (3): 671–9. doi:10.1083/jcb.118.3.671. PMC 2289540. PMID 1639850.
^ Straub BK, Boda Judit, Kuhn Caecilia, Schnoelzer Martina, Korf Ulrike, Kempf Tore, Spring Herbert, Hatzfeld Mechthild, Franke Werner W (December 2003). "A novel cell-cell junction system: the cortex adhaerens mosaic of lens fiber cells". J. Cell. Sci. 116 (Pt 24): 4985–95. doi:10.1242/jcs.00815. PMID 14625392.
^ Klingelhöfer J, Troyanovsky R B, Laur O Y, Troyanovsky S (August 2000). "Amino-terminal domain of classic cadherins determines the specificity of the adhesive interactions". J. Cell. Sci. 113 (16): 2829–36. PMID 10910767.
^ Lewalle JM, Bajou K, Desreux J, Mareel M, Dejana E, Noël A, Foidart J M (December 1997). "Alteration of interendothelial adherens junctions following tumor cell-endothelial cell interaction in vitro". Exp. Cell Res. 237 (2): 347–56. doi:10.1006/excr.1997.3799. PMID 9434630.
^ Shasby DM, Ries Dana R, Shasby Sandra S, Winter Michael C (June 2002). "Histamine stimulates phosphorylation of adherens junction proteins and alters their link to vimentin". Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol. 282 (6): L1330–8. doi:10.1152/ajplung.00329.2001. PMID 12003790.
^ Bannon LJ, Cabrera B L, Stack M S, Green K J (November 2001). "Isoform-specific differences in the size of desmosomal cadherin/catenin complexes". J. Invest. Dermatol. 117 (5): 1302–6. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1747.2001.01512.x. PMID 11710948.
^ "The amino- and carboxyl-terminal tails of (beta)-catenin reduce its affinity for desmoglein 2". J. Cell. Sci. 113 (10): 1737–45. May 2000. PMID 10769205.
^ Ozawa M, Terada H, Pedraza C (November 1995). "The fourth armadillo repeat of plakoglobin (gamma-catenin) is required for its high affinity binding to the cytoplasmic domains of E-cadherin and desmosomal cadherin Dsg2, and the tumor suppressor APC protein". J. Biochem. 118 (5): 1077–82. doi:10.1093/jb/118.5.1077. PMID 8749329.
^ Kowalczyk AP, Navarro P, Dejana E, Bornslaeger E A, Green K J, Kopp D S, Borgwardt J E (October 1998). "VE-cadherin and desmoplakin are assembled into dermal microvascular endothelial intercellular junctions: a pivotal role for plakoglobin in the recruitment of desmoplakin to intercellular junctions". J. Cell. Sci. 111 (20): 3045–57. PMID 9739078.
^ Kowalczyk AP, Bornslaeger E A, Borgwardt J E, Palka H L, Dhaliwal A S, Corcoran C M, Denning M F, Green K J (November 1997). "The Amino-terminal Domain of Desmoplakin Binds to Plakoglobin and Clusters Desmosomal Cadherin–Plakoglobin Complexes". J. Cell Biol. 139 (3): 773–84. doi:10.1083/jcb.139.3.773. PMC 2141713. PMID 9348293.
^ Li Y, Yu Wei-Hsuan, Ren Jian, Chen Wen, Huang Lei, Kharbanda Surender, Loda Massimo, Kufe Donald (August 2003). "Heregulin targets gamma-catenin to the nucleolus by a mechanism dependent on the DF3/MUC1 oncoprotein". Mol. Cancer Res. 1 (10): 765–75. PMID 12939402.
^ Chen X, Bonne Stefan, Hatzfeld Mechthild, van Roy Frans, Green Kathleen J (March 2002). "Protein binding and functional characterization of plakophilin 2. Evidence for its diverse roles in desmosomes and beta -catenin signaling". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (12): 10512–22. doi:10.1074/jbc.M108765200. PMID 11790773.
^ Fuchs M, Müller T, Lerch M M, Ullrich A (July 1996). "Association of human protein-tyrosine phosphatase kappa with members of the armadillo family". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (28): 16712–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.28.16712. PMID 8663237.
^ Besco JA, Hooft van Huijsduijnen R, Frostholm A, Rotter A (2006). "Intracellular substrates of brain-enriched receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase rho (RPTPrho/PTPRT).". Brain Res 1116 (1): 50–7. doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2006.07.122. PMID 16973135.

External links

GeneReviews/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia/Cardiomyopathy, Autosomal Dominant
OMIM entries on Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia/Cardiomyopathy, Autosomal Dominant
gamma-Catenin at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 不整脈原性右室心筋症：解剖学、組織学、病因、および遺伝学 arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy anatomy histology pathogenesis and genetics
2. 不整脈原性右室心筋症の臨床症状および診断 clinical manifestations and diagnosis of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
3. 表皮水疱症の疫学、病因、分類、および臨床的特徴 epidemiology pathogenesis classification and clinical features of epidermolysis bullosa
4. 心サルコイドーシス cardiac sarcoidosis
5. 心疾患関連する遺伝性症候群 inherited syndromes associated with cardiac disease

English Journal

Mesenchymal-epithelial transitions: Spontaneous and cumulative syntheses of epithelial marker molecules and their assemblies to novel cell junctions connecting human hematopoietic tumor cells to carcinomatoid tissue structures.

Franke WW, Rickelt S.SourceHelmholtz Group for Cell Biology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany. w.franke@dkfz.de.
International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer.Int J Cancer.2011 Dec 1;129(11):2588-99. doi: 10.1002/ijc.26227. Epub 2011 Aug 17.
Using biochemical as well as light- and electron-microscopic immunolocalization methods, in cultures of unicellular human blood tumor cells, we have studied the phenomenon of spontaneous and cumulative syntheses of certain epithelial proteins and glycoproteins and their assemblies to two major kinds
PMID 21647878

Recombinant WNTs differentially activate β-catenin-dependent and -independent signalling in mouse microglia-like cells.

Kilander MB, Halleskog C, Schulte G.SourceSection Receptor Biology & Signalling, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Acta physiologica (Oxford, England).Acta Physiol (Oxf).2011 Nov;203(3):363-72. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2011.02324.x. Epub 2011 Jun 20.
Aim:? The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of different recombinant, commercially available Wingless/Int-1 (WNTs) with regard to WNT/β-catenin signalling, dishevelled (DVL) and G protein activation and the induction of cell proliferation in a microglia-like cell line called N13
PMID 21557822

Japanese Journal

Heterogeneous and abnormal localization of desmosomal proteins in oral intraepithelial neoplasms

Aizawa Sohichi,Ochiai Takanaga,Ara Toshiaki,Yamada Haruki,Hasegawa Hiromasa
Journal of Oral Science 56(3), 209-214, 2014
… All samples were stained using antibodies against desmoglein 1 (DSG1), desmocollin 3 (DSC3), junction plakoglobin (JUP) and serine peptidase inhibitor Kazal type 5 (SPINK5) domain. …
NAID 130004691130

心筋症について : 最近明らかになってきたこと (特集心筋疾患に対するアプローチ)

木村謙介,福田恵一
循環器内科 71(6), 485-490, 2012-06
NAID 40019366892

Compound and Digenic Heterozygosity in Desmosome Genes as a Cause of Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy in Japanese Patients

NAKAJIMA Tadashi,KANEKO Yoshiaki,IRIE Tadanobu,TAKAHASHI Rieko,KATO Toshimitsu,IIJIMA Takafumi,ISO Tatsuya,KURABAYASHI Masahiko
Circulation journal : official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society 76(3), 737-743, 2012-02-25
… Genetic screening for major ARVC-causing genes (junction plakoglobin, desmoplakin, plakophilin-2 (PKP2), desmoglein-2 (DSG2), and desmocollin-2) was performed. …
NAID 10030130444

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リンク元	「プラコグロビン」「gamma-catenin」

「プラコグロビン」

Junction plakoglobin
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	3IFQ
Identifiers
Symbols	JUP ; ARVD12; CTNNG; DP3; DPIII; PDGB; PKGB
External IDs	OMIM: 173325 MGI: 96650 HomoloGene: 1680 GeneCards: JUP Gene
Gene ontology
Molecular function	• transcription coactivator activity; • structural molecule activity; • structural constituent of cell wall; • protein binding; • protein kinase binding; • protein phosphatase binding; • protein homodimerization activity; • alpha-catenin binding; • cadherin binding;
Cellular component	• nucleus; • transcription factor complex; • cytoplasm; • cytosol; • cytoskeleton; • intermediate filament; • plasma membrane; • cell-cell junction; • cell-cell adherens junction; • zonula adherens; • fascia adherens; • cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane; • intercalated disc; • actin cytoskeleton; • basolateral plasma membrane; • apicolateral plasma membrane; • lateral plasma membrane; • catenin complex; • Z disc; • hemidesmosome; • desmosome; • protein-DNA complex; • extracellular vesicular exosome; • gamma-catenin-TCF7L2 complex;
Biological process	• negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter; • cell morphogenesis; • desmosome assembly; • negative regulation of heart induction by canonical Wnt signaling pathway; • atrioventricular valve morphogenesis; • negative regulation of Wnt signaling pathway involved in heart development; • cytoskeletal anchoring at plasma membrane; • gastrulation; • ectoderm development; • nervous system development; • morphogenesis of embryonic epithelium; • single organismal cell-cell adhesion; • cell migration; • cell junction assembly; • adherens junction organization; • regulation of cell proliferation; • positive regulation of protein import into nucleus; • skin development; • cell-cell junction organization; • oocyte development; • detection of mechanical stimulus; • positive regulation of sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity; • protein heterooligomerization; • endothelial cell-cell adhesion; • cellular response to indole-3-methanol; • ventricular cardiac muscle cell action potential; • bundle of His cell to Purkinje myocyte communication; • regulation of heart rate by cardiac conduction; • establishment of protein localization to plasma membrane; • positive regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway;
	Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
	More reference expression data
Orthologs
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英: plakoglobin
関: γカテニン

「gamma-catenin」

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γカテニン

関: plakoglobin

[entrez-1] "Entrez Gene: JUP junction plakoglobin".

[pmid16823493-2] Garcia-Gras E, Lombardi R, Giocondo MJ, Willerson JT, Schneider MD, Khoury DS, Marian AJ (July 2006). "Suppression of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling by nuclear plakoglobin recapitulates phenotype of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy". J. Clin. Invest. 116 (7): 2012–21. doi:10.1172/JCI27751. PMC 1483165. PMID 16823493.

[pmid8074697-3] Shibata T, Gotoh M, Ochiai A, Hirohashi S (August 1994). "Association of plakoglobin with APC, a tumor suppressor gene product, and its regulation by tyrosine phosphorylation". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 203 (1): 519–22. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1994.2213. PMID 8074697.

[pmid7651399-4] Daniel JM, Reynolds A B (September 1995). "The tyrosine kinase substrate p120cas binds directly to E-cadherin but not to the adenomatous polyposis coli protein or alpha-catenin". Mol. Cell. Biol. 15 (9): 4819–24. PMC 230726. PMID 7651399.

[pmid7650039-5] Sacco PA, McGranahan T M, Wheelock M J, Johnson K R (August 1995). "Identification of plakoglobin domains required for association with N-cadherin and alpha-catenin". J. Biol. Chem. 270 (34): 20201–6. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.34.20201. PMID 7650039.

[pmid9762469-6] Roe S, Koslov E R, Rimm D L (June 1998). "A mutation in alpha-catenin disrupts adhesion in clone A cells without perturbing its actin and beta-catenin binding activity". Cell Adhes. Commun. 5 (4): 283–96. doi:10.3109/15419069809040298. PMID 9762469.

[pmid9110993-7] Obama H, Ozawa M (April 1997). "Identification of the domain of alpha-catenin involved in its association with beta-catenin and plakoglobin (gamma-catenin)". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (17): 11017–20. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.17.11017. PMID 9110993.

[pmid9535896-8] Hazan RB, Norton L (April 1998). "The epidermal growth factor receptor modulates the interaction of E-cadherin with the actin cytoskeleton". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (15): 9078–84. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.15.9078. PMID 9535896.

[pmid11712088-9] Kucerová D, Sloncová E, Tuhácková Z, Vojtechová M, Sovová V (December 2001). "Expression and interaction of different catenins in colorectal carcinoma cells". Int. J. Mol. Med. 8 (6): 695–8. doi:10.3892/ijmm.8.6.695. PMID 11712088.

[pmid7542250-10] Kinch MS, Clark G J, Der C J, Burridge K (July 1995). "Tyrosine phosphorylation regulates the adhesions of ras-transformed breast epithelia". J. Cell Biol. 130 (2): 461–71. doi:10.1083/jcb.130.2.461. PMC 2199929. PMID 7542250.

[pmid8207061-11] Hinck L, Näthke I S, Papkoff J, Nelson W J (June 1994). "Dynamics of cadherin/catenin complex formation: novel protein interactions and pathways of complex assembly". J. Cell Biol. 125 (6): 1327–40. doi:10.1083/jcb.125.6.1327. PMC 2290923. PMID 8207061.

[pmid1639850-12] Knudsen KA, Wheelock M J (August 1992). "Plakoglobin, or an 83-kD homologue distinct from beta-catenin, interacts with E-cadherin and N-cadherin". J. Cell Biol. 118 (3): 671–9. doi:10.1083/jcb.118.3.671. PMC 2289540. PMID 1639850.

[pmid14625392-13] Straub BK, Boda Judit, Kuhn Caecilia, Schnoelzer Martina, Korf Ulrike, Kempf Tore, Spring Herbert, Hatzfeld Mechthild, Franke Werner W (December 2003). "A novel cell-cell junction system: the cortex adhaerens mosaic of lens fiber cells". J. Cell. Sci. 116 (Pt 24): 4985–95. doi:10.1242/jcs.00815. PMID 14625392.

[pmid10910767-14] Klingelhöfer J, Troyanovsky R B, Laur O Y, Troyanovsky S (August 2000). "Amino-terminal domain of classic cadherins determines the specificity of the adhesive interactions". J. Cell. Sci. 113 (16): 2829–36. PMID 10910767.

[pmid9434630-15] Lewalle JM, Bajou K, Desreux J, Mareel M, Dejana E, Noël A, Foidart J M (December 1997). "Alteration of interendothelial adherens junctions following tumor cell-endothelial cell interaction in vitro". Exp. Cell Res. 237 (2): 347–56. doi:10.1006/excr.1997.3799. PMID 9434630.

[pmid12003790-16] Shasby DM, Ries Dana R, Shasby Sandra S, Winter Michael C (June 2002). "Histamine stimulates phosphorylation of adherens junction proteins and alters their link to vimentin". Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol. 282 (6): L1330–8. doi:10.1152/ajplung.00329.2001. PMID 12003790.

[pmid11710948-17] Bannon LJ, Cabrera B L, Stack M S, Green K J (November 2001). "Isoform-specific differences in the size of desmosomal cadherin/catenin complexes". J. Invest. Dermatol. 117 (5): 1302–6. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1747.2001.01512.x. PMID 11710948.

[pmid10769205-18] "The amino- and carboxyl-terminal tails of (beta)-catenin reduce its affinity for desmoglein 2". J. Cell. Sci. 113 (10): 1737–45. May 2000. PMID 10769205.

[pmid8749329-19] Ozawa M, Terada H, Pedraza C (November 1995). "The fourth armadillo repeat of plakoglobin (gamma-catenin) is required for its high affinity binding to the cytoplasmic domains of E-cadherin and desmosomal cadherin Dsg2, and the tumor suppressor APC protein". J. Biochem. 118 (5): 1077–82. doi:10.1093/jb/118.5.1077. PMID 8749329.

[pmid9739078-20] Kowalczyk AP, Navarro P, Dejana E, Bornslaeger E A, Green K J, Kopp D S, Borgwardt J E (October 1998). "VE-cadherin and desmoplakin are assembled into dermal microvascular endothelial intercellular junctions: a pivotal role for plakoglobin in the recruitment of desmoplakin to intercellular junctions". J. Cell. Sci. 111 (20): 3045–57. PMID 9739078.

[pmid9348293-21] Kowalczyk AP, Bornslaeger E A, Borgwardt J E, Palka H L, Dhaliwal A S, Corcoran C M, Denning M F, Green K J (November 1997). "The Amino-terminal Domain of Desmoplakin Binds to Plakoglobin and Clusters Desmosomal Cadherin–Plakoglobin Complexes". J. Cell Biol. 139 (3): 773–84. doi:10.1083/jcb.139.3.773. PMC 2141713. PMID 9348293.

[pmid12939402-22] Li Y, Yu Wei-Hsuan, Ren Jian, Chen Wen, Huang Lei, Kharbanda Surender, Loda Massimo, Kufe Donald (August 2003). "Heregulin targets gamma-catenin to the nucleolus by a mechanism dependent on the DF3/MUC1 oncoprotein". Mol. Cancer Res. 1 (10): 765–75. PMID 12939402.

[pmid11790773-23] Chen X, Bonne Stefan, Hatzfeld Mechthild, van Roy Frans, Green Kathleen J (March 2002). "Protein binding and functional characterization of plakophilin 2. Evidence for its diverse roles in desmosomes and beta -catenin signaling". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (12): 10512–22. doi:10.1074/jbc.M108765200. PMID 11790773.

[pmid8663237-24] Fuchs M, Müller T, Lerch M M, Ullrich A (July 1996). "Association of human protein-tyrosine phosphatase kappa with members of the armadillo family". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (28): 16712–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.28.16712. PMID 8663237.

[pmid16973135-25] Besco JA, Hooft van Huijsduijnen R, Frostholm A, Rotter A (2006). "Intracellular substrates of brain-enriched receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase rho (RPTPrho/PTPRT).". Brain Res 1116 (1): 50–7. doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2006.07.122. PMID 16973135.

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plakoglobin