WordNet

a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland; promotes growth in humans (同)somatotrophin, somatotropic_hormone, somatotrophic_hormone, STH, human_growth_hormone, growth_hormone
cultivate by growing, often involving improvements by means of agricultural techniques; "The Bordeaux region produces great red wines"; "They produce good ham in Parma"; "We grow wheat here"; "We raise hogs here" (同)raise, farm, produce
come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes); "He grew a beard"; "The patient developed abdominal pains"; "I got funny spots all over my body"; "Well-developed breasts" (同)develop, produce, get, acquire
become attached by or as if by the process of growth; "The tree trunks had grown together"
become larger, greater, or bigger; expand or gain; "The problem grew too large for me"; "Her business grew fast"
cause to grow or develop; "He grows vegetables in his backyard"
increase in size by natural process; "Corn doesnt grow here"; "In these forests, mushrooms grow under the trees"; "her hair doesnt grow much anymore"
(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level; "he proposed an indicator of osseous development in children" (同)growing, maturation, development, ontogeny, ontogenesis
(pathology) an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor)
a progression from simpler to more complex forms; "the growth of culture"
something grown or growing; "a growth of hair"
vegetation that has grown; "a growth of trees"; "the only growth was some salt grass"
of or relating to the pituitary gland; "pituitary hormone"
the master gland of the endocrine system; located at the base of the brain (同)pituitary_gland, pituitary body, hypophysis
the secretion of an endocrine gland that is transmitted by the blood to the tissue on which it has a specific effect (同)endocrine, internal_secretion

PrepTutorEJDIC

『成長する』,育つ,〈植物が〉生える,茂る / (類・量・程などにおいて)『増大する』,大きくなる / 『しだいになる』 / …‘を'成長させる,大きくする,育てる / …から生じる(起こる)
〈U〉(…の)『成長』,発育;『発達』,発展《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈U〉(数・量,重要性・力などの)『増加』,増大,拡張《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈U〉《修飾語[句]を伴って》栽培,生産,…産 / 〈C〉成育した物,(草,木,髪,ひげなどの)生えたもの / 〈C〉腫瘍(しゅよう)
脳下垂体の(から得られた) / =pituitary gland
ホルモン

UpToDate Contents

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1. 小児における成長ホルモン欠乏症の診断 diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency in children
2. 小児における成長ホルモン欠乏症の治療 treatment of growth hormone deficiency in children
3. 成長ホルモンの生理学 physiology of growth hormone
4. 成人における成長ホルモン欠乏症 growth hormone deficiency in adults
5. 先端巨大症の診断 diagnosis of acromegaly

English Journal

Alcoholic liver disease and changes in bone mineral density.

López-Larramona G, Lucendo AJ, González-Delgado L.AbstractOsteoporosis and osteopenia are alterations in bone mineral density (BMD) that frequently occur in the context of chronic liver disease (CLD). These alterations have been studied predominantly in chronic cholestatic disease and cirrhosis of the liver. Alcohol consumption is an independent risk factor for the onset of osteoporosis, whose estimated prevalence in patients with alcoholic liver disease (ALD) ranges between 5 % and 40 %. The loss of BMD in ALD is the result of an imbalance between bone formation and resorption. Its pathogenesis is multifactorial and includes the toxic effects of alcohol on bone and endocrine and nutritional disorders secondary to alcoholism and a deficiency of osteocalcin, vitamin D and insulin growth factor-1. The diagnosis of BMD alterations in ALD is based on its measurement using bone densitometry. Treatment includes smoking and alcohol cessation and general measures such as changes in nutrition and exercise. Calcium and vitamin D supplements are recommended in all patients with ALD and osteoporosis. Bisphosphonates are the most commonly prescribed drugs for the specific treatment of this condition. Alternatives include raloxifene, hormone replacement therapy and calcitonin.This review will address the most important aspects involved in the clinical management of abnormal BMD in the context of ALD, including its prevalence, pathogenesis and diagnosis. We will also review the treatment of osteoporosis in CLD in general, focusing on specific aspects related to bone loss in ALD.
Revista espanola de enfermedades digestivas : organo oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Patologia Digestiva.Rev Esp Enferm Dig.2014 Dec;105(10):609-621.
Osteoporosis and osteopenia are alterations in bone mineral density (BMD) that frequently occur in the context of chronic liver disease (CLD). These alterations have been studied predominantly in chronic cholestatic disease and cirrhosis of the liver. Alcohol consumption is an independent risk facto
PMID 24641458

Insulin-like growth factor I and risk of breast cancer by age and hormone receptor status-A prospective study within the EPIC cohort.

Kaaks R1, Johnson T, Tikk K, Sookthai D, Tjønneland A, Roswall N, Overvad K, Clavel-Chapelon F, Boutron-Ruault MC, Dossus L, Rinaldi S, Romieu I, Boeing H, Schütze M, Trichopoulou A, Lagiou P, Trichopoulos D, Palli D, Grioni S, Tumino R, Sacerdote C, Panico S, Buckland G, Argüelles M, Sánchez MJ, Amiano P, Chirlaque MD, Ardanaz E, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, van Gils CH, Peeters PH, Andersson A, Sund M, Weiderpass E, Gram IT, Lund E, Khaw KT, Wareham N, Key TJ, Travis RC, Merritt MA, Gunter MJ, Riboli E, Lukanova A.Author information 1Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg, Germany.AbstractExperimental evidence shows cross-talk in mammary cells between estrogen, insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and their respective receptors and possible synergistic effects of estrogen receptor (ER) activation and increased IGF-I signaling with regard to breast tumor development, and epidemiological evidence suggests that circulating IGF-I levels may be related more to the risk of ER-positive than ER-negative breast cancer. Using a case-control study nested within the prospective European EPIC cohort (938 breast cancer cases and 1,394 matched control subjects), we analyzed the relationships of prediagnostic serum IGF-I levels with the risk of estrogen and progesterone receptor-positive and -negative breast tumors. IGF-I levels were positively associated with the risk of ER+ breast tumors overall (pre- and postmenopausal women combined, odds ratio (OR)Q4-Q1 = 1.41 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-1.98] for the highest vs. lowest quartile; OR = 1.17 [95% CI 1.04-1.33] per 1-standard deviation (SD) increase in IGF-I, ptrend = 0.01) and among women who were diagnosed with breast cancer at 50 years or older (ORQ3-Q1 = 1.38 [95% CI 1.01-1.89]; OR = 1.19 [95% CI 1.04-1.36] per 1-SD increase in IGF-I, ptrend = 0.01) but not with receptor-positive disease diagnosed at an earlier age. No statistically significant associations were observed for ER- breast tumors overall and by age at diagnosis. Tests for heterogeneity by receptor status of the tumor were not statistically significant, except for women diagnosed with breast cancer at 50 years or older (phet = 0.03 for ER+/PR+ vs. ER-/PR- disease). Our data add to a global body of evidence indicating that higher circulating IGF-I levels may increase risk specifically of receptor-positive, but not receptor-negative, breast cancer diagnosed at 50 years or older.
International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer.Int J Cancer.2014 Jun 1;134(11):2683-90. doi: 10.1002/ijc.28589. Epub 2013 Nov 19.
Experimental evidence shows cross-talk in mammary cells between estrogen, insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and their respective receptors and possible synergistic effects of estrogen receptor (ER) activation and increased IGF-I signaling with regard to breast tumor development, and epidemiologic
PMID 24248481

Effects of growth hormone administration for 6months on bone turnover and bone marrow fat in obese premenopausal women.

Bredella MA1, Gerweck AV2, Barber LA3, Breggia A4, Rosen CJ4, Torriani M3, Miller KK2.Author information 1Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Yawkey 6E, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA. Electronic address: mbredella@partners.org.2Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Bulfinch 457B, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, USA.3Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Yawkey 6E, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.4Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA.AbstractPURPOSE: Abdominal adiposity is associated with low BMD and decreased growth hormone (GH) secretion, an important regulator of bone homeostasis. The purpose of our study was to determine the effects of a short course of GH on markers of bone turnover and bone marrow fat in premenopausal women with abdominal adiposity.
Bone.Bone.2014 May;62:29-35. doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2014.01.022. Epub 2014 Feb 5.
PURPOSE: Abdominal adiposity is associated with low BMD and decreased growth hormone (GH) secretion, an important regulator of bone homeostasis. The purpose of our study was to determine the effects of a short course of GH on markers of bone turnover and bone marrow fat in premenopausal women with a
PMID 24508386