piebald

　

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1. (特に馬などが)白黒まだらの / (特に)白黒まだらの馬

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/09/14 10:03:39」(JST)

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For other uses, see Piebald (disambiguation).

"Pied" redirects here. For other uses, see Pied (disambiguation).

A piebald horse, Tobiano pattern

A piebald or pied animal is one that has a spotting pattern of large unpigmented, usually white, areas of hair, feathers, or scales and normally pigmented patches, generally black. The colour of the animal's skin underneath its coat is also pigmented under the dark patches and unpigmented under the white patches. This alternating colour pattern is irregular and asymmetrical. Animals with this pattern may include horses, dogs, birds, cats, pigs, and cattle, as well as snakes such as the ball python. Some animals also exhibit colouration of the irises of the eye that match the surrounding skin (blue eyes for pink skin, brown for dark). The underlying genetic cause is related to a condition known as leucism.

Etymology

The word "piebald" originates from a combination of "pie," from "magpie," and "bald", meaning "white patch" or spot. The reference is to the distinctive black-and white plumage of the magpie.

Horses

A piebald mare

In British English piebald (black and white) and skewbald (white and any colour other than black) are together known as coloured. In North American English, the term for this colouring pattern is pinto, with the specialized term "paint" referring specifically to a breed of horse with American Quarter Horse or Thoroughbred bloodlines in addition to being spotted, whereas pinto refers to a spotted horse of any breed. In American usage, horse enthusiasts usually do not use the term "piebald," but rather describe the colour shade of a pinto literally with terms such as "black and white" for a piebald, "brown and white," or "bay and white," for skewbalds, or color-specific modifiers such as "bay pinto", "sorrel pinto," "buckskin pinto," and such.

Genetically, a piebald horse begins with a black base coat colour, and then the horse also has an allele for one of three basic spotting patterns overlaying the base colour. The most common coloured spotting pattern is called tobiano, and is a dominant gene. Tobiano creates spots that are large and rounded, usually with a somewhat vertical orientation, with white that usually crosses the back of the horse, white on the legs, with the head mostly dark. Three less common spotting genes are the sabino, frame and splash overo genes, which create various patterns that are mostly dark, with jagged spotting, often with a horizontal orientation, white on the head. The frame variant has dark or minimally marked legs. The sabino pattern can be very minimal, usually adding white that runs up the legs onto the belly or flanks, with "lacy" or roaning at the edge of the white, plus white on the head that either extends past the eye, over the chin, or both. The genetics of overo and sabino are not yet fully understood, but they can appear in the offspring of two solid-coloured parents, whereas a tobiano must always have at least one tobiano parent.

Other animals

Eurasian magpie (P. pica)

The various types of magpie gave their name to pied coloration. The bald eagle derives its name from the word "piebald" in reference to the contrast of its white head and tail with dark body. The term was used in The Conservationist by Nadine Gordimer when referring to kingfishers.

Many other animal species may also be "pied" or piebald including, but not limited to, squirrels and birds. Snakes, especially ball pythons and corn snakes, may also exhibit seemingly varying patches of completely pigmentless scales along with patches of pigmented scales. Some domesticated foxes born from the Russian Institute of Cytology and Genetics also carry this coloring. Recently, a piebald blood python was discovered in Sumatra.

Bicolor cats carry the piebald gene. The same pattern that applies to cats also applies to dogs when the white spotting gene involved is indeed piebald and not another white-causing gene found in dogs. The piebald gene is also found in domestic guinea pigs, goldfish, rabbits, hamsters, goats, fancy rats, cows, and ferrets.

See also

Pigmentation

• Albinism
• Amelanism
• Dyschromia
• Erythrism
• Heterochromia iridum
• Leucism
• Melanism
• Piebaldism
• Vitiligo
• Xanthochromism

Horse Coat

• Equine coat color
• Equine coat color genetics
• Pinto horse
• Skewbald
• Tricoloured (horse)

References

• "Introduction to Coat Color Genetics" from Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis. Web Site accessed January 12, 2008

External links

• "Piebald Moose". Ontario Out of Doors . 17 March 2012. Retrieved 15 December 2014.  (extremely rare wild piebald moose photographed in northwest Alberta, Canada)

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 遺伝性皮膚症 the genodermatoses
• 2. 尋常性白斑 vitiligo
• 3. 色素細胞性母斑（ほくろ）以外の良性色素性皮膚病変 benign pigmented skin lesions other than melanocytic nevi moles

English Journal

• Measuring airborne components of seismic body vibrations in a Middle-Asian sand-dwelling Insectivora species, the piebald shrew (Diplomesodon pulchellum).

• Volodin IA, Zaytseva AS, Ilchenko OG, Volodina EV, Chebotareva AL.SourceDepartment of Vertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
• The Journal of experimental biology.J Exp Biol.2012 Aug 15;215(Pt 16):2849-52.
• Self-produced seismic vibrations have been found for some subterranean rodents but have not been reported for any Insectivora species, although seismic sensitivity has been confirmed for blind sand-dwelling chrysochlorid golden moles. Studying the vocal behaviour of captive piebald shrews, Diplomeso
• PMID 22837458

• Synergistic suppression of pre-perfusion of donor livers with recipient serum and cobra venom factor treatment on hyperacute rejection following liver xenotransplantation.

• Zhu B, Tong C, Guo W, Pu R, Zhang G, Wang L, Li M.SourceDepartment of Sugery, Clinical Center of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China. zhuless@126.com
• Acta cirúrgica brasileira / Sociedade Brasileira para Desenvolvimento Pesquisa em Cirurgia.Acta Cir Bras.2012 May;27(5):301-5.
• PURPOSE: To investigate synergistic suppression of donor liver pre-perfusion with recipient serum (RS) and cobra venom factor (CVF) treatment on hyperacute rejection (HAR) following liver xenotransplantation.METHODS: Guinea-pigs (GP, n=24) and Sprague-Dawley rats (SD, n=24) were recruited. Before tr
• PMID 22666742

Japanese Journal

• Piebald mutation on a C57BL/6J background

• , ,
• Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 77(2), 161-166, 2015
• … The classic piebald mutation in the endothelin receptor type B (Ednrb) gene was found on rolling Nagoya genetic background (PROD-s/s) mice with white coat spotting. … To examine whether genetic background influenced the phenotype in the piebald mutant mice, we generated a congenic strain (B6.PROD-s/s), produced by repeated backcrosses to the C57BL/6J (B6) strain. …
• NAID 130004781034

• Piebald mutation on a C57BL/6J background

• , ,
• Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 2014
• … The classic piebald mutation in the endothelin receptor type B (Ednrb) gene was found on rolling Nagoya genetic background (PROD-s/s) mice with white coat spotting. … To examine whether genetic background influenced the phenotype in the piebald mutant mice, we generated a congenic strain (B6.PROD-s/s), produced by repeated backcrosses to the C57BL/6J (B6) strain. …
• NAID 130004699215

• Rolling Nagoya Mouse Strain (PROD-rol/rol) with Classic Piebald Mutation

• , , [他], , ,
• Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 76(8), 1093-1098, 2014
• … They show white spots on agouti coat and have a mutation in the piebald spotting (s) locus. … Microsatellite genotyping showed that at least particular regions of chromosome 14 proximal to the Ednrb locus of the PROD strain were derived from Japanese fancy piebald mice. …
• NAID 130003391327

Related Links

• Piebald - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

A piebald or pied animal is one that has a spotting pattern of large unpigmented, usually white, areas of hair, feathers, or scales and normally pigmented patches, generally black. The colour of the animal's skin underneath its coat is also ...

• Piebald (band) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Piebald is an American alternative rock band. Piebald started as a hardcore band in Andover, Massachusetts, out of the same scene that produced legends Converge. They later moved to the Boston suburb of Somerville and became a staple ...

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