関: ps、psec

WordNet

one trillionth (10^-12) of a second; one thousandth of a nanosecond

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/10/22 07:29:06」(JST)

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A picosecond is an SI unit of time equal to 10⁻¹² or ¹/_{1,000,000,000,000} of a second. That is one trillionth, or one millionth of one millionth of a second, or 0.000 000 000 001 seconds. A picosecond is to one second as one second is to 31,710 years. Multiple technical approaches achieve imaging within single digit picoseconds. For example the Streak camera or intensified CCD (ICCD) cameras are able to picture the motion of light. ^[1] ^[2]

The name is formed by the SI prefix pico and the SI unit second. It is abbreviated as ps.

One picosecond is equal to 1000 femtoseconds, or 1/1000 nanosecond. Because the next SI unit is 1000 times larger, measurements of 10⁻¹¹ and 10⁻¹⁰ second are typically expressed as tens or hundreds of picoseconds. Some notable measurements in this range include:

shorter times

1.0 picoseconds (1.0 ps) – cycle time for electromagnetic frequency 1 terahertz (THz) (1 x 10¹² hertz), an inverse unit. This corresponds to a wavelength of 0.3 mm, as can be calculated by multiplying 1 ps by the speed of light (approximately 3 x 10⁸ m/s) to determine the distance traveled. 1 THz is in the Far infrared.
1 picosecond – time taken by light in a vacuum to travel approximately 0.30 mm
1 picosecond – half-life of a bottom quark
~1 picosecond – lifetime of a single H
3O+
(hydronium) ion in water at 20°C^[3]
picoseconds to nanoseconds – phenomena observable by dielectric spectroscopy
1.2 picoseconds – switching time of the world's fastest transistor (845 GHz, as of 2006)^[4]
1.7 picoseconds - rotational correlation time of water^[5]
3.3 picoseconds (approximately) – time taken for light to travel 1 millimeter
10 picoseconds after the Big Bang – electromagnetism separates from the other fundamental forces
10–150 picoseconds – rotational correlation times of a molecule (184 g/mol) from hot to frozen water^[6]
108.7827757 picoseconds – transition time between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the caesium-133 atom at absolute zero
330 picoseconds (approximately) – the time it takes a common 3.0 GHz computer CPU to add two integers

Longer times

References

^ "Trillion-frame-per-second video". Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Retrieved 2014-03-06.
^ "Ultra high speed CCD cameras capture the motion of light.". Stanford Computer Optics. Retrieved 2014-03-06.
^ "Lifetime of single hydronium (H3O+) ion at 20°C". BioNumbers. Retrieved 2011-10-10.
^ James E. Kloeppel (2006-12-11). "World's Fastest Transistor Approaches Goal of Terahertz Device".
^ Lankhorst, D.; Schriever, J.; Leyte, J. C. "Determination of the Rotational Correlation Time of Water by Proton NMR Relaxation in H217O and Some Related Results". Berichte der Bunsengesellschaft für physikalische Chemie 86 (3): 215–221. doi:10.1002/bbpc.19820860308.
^ Bulla, I.; Törmälä, P.; Lindberg, J. J.; Mikalsen, Ø.; Southern, J. T.; Edlund, K.; Eliasen, M.; Herskind, C.; Laursen, T.; Pedersen, P. M. L. (1975). "Spin Probe Studies on the Dynamic Structure of Dimethyl Sulfoxide-Water Mixtures". Acta Chemica Scandinavica 29a: 89. doi:10.3891/acta.chem.scand.29a-0089.

External links

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English Journal

Activation of coherent lattice phonon following ultrafast molecular spin-state photo-switching: A molecule-to-lattice energy transfer.

Marino A1, Cammarata M1, Matar SF2, Létard JF2, Chastanet G2, Chollet M3, Glownia JM3, Lemke HT3, Collet E1.
Structural dynamics (Melville, N.Y.).Struct Dyn.2015 Nov 20;3(2):023605. doi: 10.1063/1.4936290. eCollection 2016.
We combine ultrafast optical spectroscopy with femtosecond X-ray absorption to study the photo-switching dynamics of the [Fe(PM-AzA)2(NCS)2] spin-crossover molecular solid. The light-induced excited spin-state trapping process switches the molecules from low spin to high spin (HS) states on the sub-
PMID 26798836

Assessment of mono-shot measurement as a fast and accurate determination of the laser-induced damage threshold in the sub-picosecond regime.

Sozet M, Neauport J, Lavastre E, Roquin N, Gallais L, Lamaignère L.
Optics letters.Opt Lett.2016 Feb 15;41(4):804-7. doi: 10.1364/OL.41.000804.
Standard test protocols need several laser shots to assess the laser-induced damage threshold of optics and, consequently, large areas are necessary. Taking into account the dominating intrinsic mechanisms of laser damage in the sub-picosecond regime, a simple, fast, and accurate method, based on co
PMID 26872193

In-fiber reconfigurable generation of arbitrary (asymmetric) picosecond temporal intensity waveforms by time-domain optical pulse shaping.

Huh J, Azaña J.
Optics letters.Opt Lett.2016 Feb 15;41(4):693-6. doi: 10.1364/OL.41.000693.
A fiber-optic programmable optical pulse shaper is experimentally demonstrated using multi-level phase-only linear filtering, capable of synthesizing arbitrary (including asymmetric) temporal intensity waveforms. The reconfigurable filtering operation is implemented in the time domain with a single
PMID 26872165