photobleaching

光退色、光脱色、光漂白、フォトブリーチング

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photobleach

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/08/22 23:23:46」(JST)

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Photobleaching: The movie shows photobleaching of a fluorosphere. The movie is accelerated, the whole process happened during 4 minutes.

Photobleaching is the photochemical destruction of a dye or a fluorophore. In microscopy, photobleaching may complicate the observation of fluorescent molecules, since they will eventually be destroyed by the light exposure necessary to stimulate them into fluorescing. This is especially problematic in time-lapse microscopy.

However, photobleaching may also be used prior to applying the (primarily antibody-linked) fluorescent molecules, in an attempt to quench autofluorescence. This can help to improve signal-to-noise ratio.

Photobleaching may also be exploited to study the motion and/or diffusion of molecules, for example via the FRAP or FLIP techniques.

Loss of activity caused by photobleaching can be controlled by reducing the intensity or time-span of light exposure, by increasing the concentration of fluorophores, by reducing the frequency and thus the photon energy of the input light, or by employing more robust fluorophores that are less prone to bleaching (e.g. Alexa Fluors or DyLight Fluors). To a reasonable approximation, a given molecule will be destroyed after a constant exposure (intensity of emission X emission time X number of cycles) because, in a constant environment, each absorption-emission cycle has an equal probability of causing photobleaching.

Lifetime

Depending on the material, dyes can produce different photon numbers and therefore have different lifetimes (at e.g. 10⁵ photons/s):

• Green fluorescent protein: 10⁴-10⁵; 0.1-1 s
• Typical organic dye: 10⁵-10⁶; 1-10 s
• CdSe/ZnS Quantum dot: 10⁸; > 1000 s

This use of the term "lifetime" is not to be confused with the "lifetime" measured by fluorescence lifetime imaging.

See also

• Ozone depletion

External links

• Introduction to Optical Microscopy an article about photobleaching
• Viegas MS, Martins TC, Seco F, do Carmo A (2007). "An improved and cost-effective methodology for the reduction of autofluorescence in direct immunofluorescence studies on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues". Eur J Histochem 51 (1): 59–66. PMID 17548270. 

English Journal

• An O(2) smart plastic film for packaging.

• Mills A, Lawrie K, Bardin J, Apedaile A, Skinner GA, O'Rourke C.SourceSchool of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, Stranmillis Road, Belfast, BT9 5AG, UK.
• The Analyst.Analyst.2012 Jan 7;137(1):106-12. Epub 2011 Nov 10.
• The preparation and characterisation of a novel, water-proof, irreversible, reusable, UV-activated, O(2) sensitive, smart plastic film is described. A pigment, consisting of a redox dye, methylene blue (MB), and a sacrificial electron donor, DL-threitol, coated onto an inorganic support with semicon
• PMID 22076639

• Lanthanide-DTPA grafted silica nanoparticles as bimodal-imaging contrast agents.

• Pinho SL, Faneca H, Geraldes CF, Delville MH, Carlos LD, Rocha J.SourceDepartment of Chemistry, CICECO, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Departments of Physics, CICECO, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, ICMCB, 87 avenue du Dr. A. Schweitzer, Pessac F-33608, France.
• Biomaterials.Biomaterials.2012 Jan;33(3):925-35. Epub 2011 Oct 27.
• The design and synthesis of a combined MRI-optical probe for bio-imaging are reported. The materials studied join the properties of lanthanide (Ln(3+)) complexes and nanoparticles (NPs), offering an excellent solution for bimodal imaging. The hybrid SiO(2)@APS/DTPA:Gd:Ln (Ln = Eu(3+) or Tb(3+)) (A
• PMID 22035824

Japanese Journal

• YVO_4:Bi^<3+>,Eu^<3+>ナノ粒子分散膜への近紫外光の連続照射における蛍光の減衰および回復

• 原 裕貴,竹下 覚,磯部 徹彦,澤山 友博,新倉 誠司
• 希土類 = Rare earths (58), 62-63, 2011-05-05
• NAID 10028249481

• Analysis of Intracellular Distribution of Borna Disease Virus Glycoprotein Fused with Fluorescent Markers in Living Cells

• DAITO Takuji,FUJINO Kan,WATANABE Yohei,IKUTA Kazuyoshi,TOMONAGA Keizo
• Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 73(9), 1243-1247, 2011
• … Furthermore, we demonstrated using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching analysis that BDV G fluorescence shows rapid recovery in both the ER/Golgi and plasma membrane regions, indicating that BDV G fusion protein may be a useful tool to investigate not only the maturation of BDV G but also the budding and assembly of BDV particles in living cells. …
• NAID 130000677298

Related Links

• Photobleachingとは - goo Wikipedia (ウィキペディア)

Photobleaching is the photochemical destruction of a dye or a fluorophore. In microscopy, photobleaching may complicate the observation of fluorescent molecules, since they will eventually be destroyed by the light exposure ...

• フォトブリーチング[photobleaching] | 用語集 | バイオイメージング ...

フォトブリーチング photobleaching 蛍光色素が強い励起光を受けることで、分子に不可逆的な変化が起こり蛍光が出なくなること。 ハ行 P

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「光脱色」「光退色」「photobleach」「光漂白」「フォトブリーチング」
拡張検索	「fluorescence recovery after photobleaching」

「光脱色」

　　[★]

英

photobleaching、photobleach

関

光退色、フォトブリーチ、フォトブリーチング、光漂白

「光退色」

　　[★]

英

photobleaching、photobleach

関

光脱色、フォトブリーチ、フォトブリーチング、光漂白

「photobleach」

　　[★]

• 光退色する、光脱色する、フォトブリーチさせる

関

photobleaching

「光漂白」

　　[★]

英

photobleaching

関

光退色、光脱色、フォトブリーチング

「フォトブリーチング」

　　[★]

英

photobleaching

関

光退色、光脱色、光漂白

「fluorescence recovery after photobleaching」

　　[★]

蛍光退色後回復測定、光漂白後蛍光回復