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Phosphatidylglycerol is a glycerophospholipid found in pulmonary surfactant.^[1]

The general structure of phosphatidylglycerol consists of a L-glycerol 3-phosphate backbone ester-bonded to either saturated or unsaturated fatty acids on carbons 1 and 2. The head group substituent glycerol is bonded through a phosphomonoester. It is the precursor of surfactant and its presence (>0.3) in the amniotic fluid of the newborn indicates fetal lung maturity.

Approximately 98% of alveolar wall surface area is due to the presence of type I cells, with type II cells producing pulmonary surfactant covering around 2% of the alveolar walls. Once surfactant is secreted by the type II cells, it must be spread over the remaining type I cellular surface area. Phosphatidylglycerol is thought to be important in spreading of surfactant over the Type I cellular surface area. The major surfactant deficiency in premature infants relates to the lack of phosphatidylglycerol, even though it comprises less than 5% of pulmonary surfactant phospholipids.

Biosynthesis[edit source | edit]

Biosynthesis of Phophatidylglycerol

L-glycerol-3-phosphate is activated by a CTP and pyrophosphate is cleaved off resulting in CDP-diglycerol. Glycerol-3-phosphate is attached to CDP-diglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol phosphate is formed, while CMP is released. The phosphate group is hydrolysed forming phosphatidylglycerol. Two phosphatidylglycerols form cardiolipin, the constituent molecule of the mitochondrial inner membrane.^[2]

References[edit source | edit]

^ Richard J. King, Mary Catherine MacBeth (6 October 1981). "Interaction of the lipid and protein components of pulmonarysurfactant Role of phosphatidylglycerol and calcium". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes 647: 159–168.
^ Ying-Ying Chang and Eugene P. Kennedy (September 1967). "Biosynthesis of phosphatidyl glycerophosphate in Escherichia coli". The Journal of Lipid Research 8: 447–455.

External links[edit source | edit]

Phosphatidylglycerols at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

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UpToDate Contents

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1. 胎児肺の成熟度評価 assessment of fetal lung maturity
2. 抗リン脂質抗体症候群の病因 pathogenesis of the antiphospholipid syndrome
3. 新生児における呼吸促迫症候群の病態生理および臨床症状 pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of respiratory distress syndrome in the newborn
4. 先天性横隔膜ヘルニア：出生前診断および管理 congenital diaphragmatic hernia prenatal diagnosis and management
5. 新生児の持続性肺高血圧症 persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn

English Journal

Abnormal Gangliosides are Localized in Lipid Rafts in Sanfilippo (MPS3a) Mouse Brain.

Dawson G, Fuller M, Helmsley KM, Hopwood JJ.SourceUniversity of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA, dawg@uchicago.edu.
Neurochemical research.Neurochem Res.2012 Jun;37(6):1372-80. Epub 2012 Apr 8.
Allogenic stem cell transplantation can reduce lysosomal storage of heparan sulfate-derived oligosaccharides by up to 27 % in Sanfilippo MPS3a brain, but does not reduce the abnormal storage of sialolactosylceramide (G(M3)) or improve neurological symptoms, suggesting that ganglioside storage is in
PMID 22484966

Luteolibacter cuticulihirudinis sp. nov., isolated from Hirudo medicinalis.

Glaeser SP, Galatis H, Martin K, Kämpfer P.SourceInstitut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek.Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek.2012 May 3. [Epub ahead of print]
A Gram-negative, coccoid shaped bacterium isolated from the outer surface of the medicinal leech Hirudo medicinalis was characterized. The 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison revealed that the bacterium was closely related to species of the genus Luteolibacter. Luteolibacter pohnpeiensis was the most
PMID 22552629

Japanese Journal

The Bacillus subtilis essential gene dgkB is dispensable in mutants with defective lipoteichoic acid synthesis

MATSUOKA Satoshi,HASHIMOTO Michihiro,KAMIYA Yusuke,MIYAZAWA Takeshi,ISHIKAWA Kazuki,HARA Hiroshi,MATSUMOTO Kouji
Genes & genetic systems 86(6), 365-376, 2011-12-25
… subtilis synthesizes LTA by polymerizing the glycerophosphate moiety of phosphatidylglycerol (PG) onto a glucolipid membrane anchor, and releasing the DG moiety of PG. …
NAID 10030210125

Characterization of Phospholipids in Membrane Vesicles Derived from Pseudomonas aeruginosa

TASHIRO Yosuke,INAGAKI Aya,SHIMIZU Motoyuki,ICHIKAWA Sosaku,TAKAYA Naoki,NAKAJIMA KAMBE Toshiaki,UCHIYAMA Hiroo,NOMURA Nobuhiko
Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry 75(3), 605-607, 2011-03-23
… Phosphatidylglycerol was present at high levels in MVs derived from <I>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</I>, but not in the cellular outer membrane. …
NAID 10028202208

Characterization of a 62-Kilodalton Acidic Phospholipid-Binding Protein Isolated from the Edible Mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus

Tanaka Hideko,Kobayashi Tetsuyuki
JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCE 57(1), 99-106, 2011
… The purified p62 bound to phosphatidylglycerol (PG)/phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol (5:45:50) vesicles but not to vesicles composed of other phospholipids including phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidic acid, lysoPS, and lysophosphatidylinositol. …
NAID 130000425130