出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/06/13 21:41:43」(JST)
| It has been suggested that Perineal body be merged into this article. (Discuss) Proposed since November 2014. |
| Perineum | |
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The muscles of the female perineum
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The muscles of the male perineum
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| Details | |
| Latin | Perineum, perinaeum |
| System | Musculoskeletal system |
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Artery
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Perineal artery, dorsal artery of the penis and deep artery of the penis |
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Nerve
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Perineal nerve, posterior scrotal nerves, dorsal nerve of the penis or dorsal nerve of clitoris |
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Lymph
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Primarily superficial inguinal lymph nodes |
| Identifiers | |
| Gray's | p.424 |
| TA | A09.5.00.001 |
| FMA | 9579 |
| Anatomical terminology | |
In human anatomy, the perineum (/pɛrəˈniːəm/;[1] Late Latin, from Greek περίνεος - perineos[2]) is a region of the body including the perineal /pɛrəˈniːəl/ body and surrounding structures. There is some variability in how the boundaries are defined.[3] According to some definitions, in females it is located between the vagina and anus and in males between the scrotum and anus. It is colloquially referred to as the taint.
It is generally defined as the surface region in both males and females between the pubic symphysis and the coccyx. The perineum is the region of the body inferior to the pelvic diaphragm and between the legs. It is a diamond-shaped area on the inferior surface of the trunk that includes the anus and, in females, the vagina.[4] Its definition varies: it can refer to only the superficial structures in this region, or it can be used to include both superficial and deep structures. The term lower rabbus is used colloquially in the UK to describe this structure.[citation needed] The perineum corresponds to the outlet of the pelvis.
It is an erogenous zone for both males and females.[5] Perineal tears and episiotomy often occur in childbirth with first-time deliveries, but the risk of these injuries can be reduced by preparing the perineum, often through massage.[6]
There are a number of American slang terms commonly used for this area of the human body, such as gooch, groad, and taint.[7]
The anogenital distance is a measure of the distance between the anus and the base of the penis or vagina. Studies show that the human perineum is twice as long in males as in females.[8] Measuring the anogenital distance in neonatal humans has been suggested as a noninvasive method to determine male feminisation and thereby predict neonatal and adult reproductive disorders.[9]
Its deep boundaries are as follows:[10]
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A line drawn transversely across in front of the ischial tuberosities divides the space into two triangles:
| Name | Location | Contents |
| Urogenital triangle | the anterior triangle | in females, contains the vagina |
| Anal triangle | the posterior triangle | contains the anus |
The terminology of the perineal fascia can be confusing, and there is some controversy over the nomenclature. This stems from the fact that there are two parts to the fascia, the superficial and deep parts, and each of these can be subdivided into superficial and deep parts.
The layers and contents are as follows, from superficial to deep:
| Superficial perineal pouch | Contains superficial perineal muscles: transversus perinei superficialis, bulbospongiosus, ischiocavernosus |
| Inferior fascia of urogenital diaphragm, or perineal membrane | A membranous layer of the deep fascia. |
| Deep perineal pouch | Contains the deep perineal muscles: transversus perinei profundus, sphincter urethrae membranaceae |
| Superior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm | Considered hypothetical by some modern anatomists, but still commonly used to logically divide the contents of the region. |
The region of the perineum can be considered a distinct area from pelvic cavity, with the two regions separated by the pelvic diaphragm. The following areas are thus classified as parts of the perineal region:
Diameters of inferior aperture of lesser pelvis (female)
The perineum. The integument and superficial layer of superficial fascia reflected
The superficial branches of the internal pudendal artery
The posterior aspect of the rectum exposed by removing the lower part of the sacrum and the coccyx
Stages in the development of the external sexual organs in the male and female
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| リンク元 | 「会陰部」 |
| 関連記事 | 「region」「perineal」 |