pergola

　

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1. パーゴラ(つる草などをまといつかせたあずま屋・たな)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/07/18 11:47:09」(JST)

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For other uses, see Pergola (disambiguation).

A steep hillside at Settimo Vittone, Piedmont, is terraced with tiers of pergolas, on which grapevines are trained

A pergola, arbor, or arbour is a garden feature forming a shaded walkway, passageway, or sitting area of vertical posts or pillars that usually support cross-beams and a sturdy open lattice, often upon which woody vines are trained. The origin of the word is the Late Latin pergula, referring to a projecting eave. As a type of gazebo, it may also be an extension of a building or serve as protection for an open terrace or a link between pavilions. They are different from Green tunnels.

Description

Pergola covered in bougainvillea

Pergolas are more permanent than a green tunnel, pictured here trained on modern materials: Mirabellgarten, Salzburg

Features, types

A pergola is a garden feature forming a shaded walkway, passageway, or sitting area of vertical posts or pillars that usually support cross-beams and a sturdy open lattice, often upon which woody vines are trained. As a type of gazebo, it may also be an extension of a building or serve as protection for an open terrace or a link between pavilions.

Pergolas may link pavilions or extend from a building's door to an open garden feature such as an isolated terrace or pool. Freestanding pergolas, those not attached to a home or other structure, provide a sitting area that allows for breeze and light sun, but offer protection from the harsh glare of direct sunlight. Pergolas also give climbing plants a structure on which to grow.

Green Tunnels

Pergolas are more permanent architectural features than the green tunnels of late medieval and early Renaissance gardens, which were often formed of springy withies—easily replaced shoots of willow or hazel—bound together at the heads to form a series of arches, then loosely woven with long slats on which climbers were grown, to make a passage that was both cool and shaded and moderately dry in a shower. At the Medici villa, La Petraia, inner and outer curving segments of such green walks, the forerunners of pergolas, give structure to the pattern, which can be viewed from the long terrace above it.

History

Origin

Alley with grapevine-covered pergola in the centre of Koilani village, Cyprus

Typical Australian steel framed pergola

Contemporary Pergola in a square in Benicassim, Spain.

The origin of the word is the Late Latin pergula, referring to a projecting eave. The English term was borrowed from Italian. It was mentioned in an Italian context in 1645 by John Evelyn at the cloister of Trinità dei Monti in Rome He used the term in an English context in 1654 when, in the company of the fifth Earl of Pembroke, Evelyn watched the coursing of hares from a "pergola" built on the downs near Salisbury for that purpose.

Historical gardens

The clearly artificial nature of the pergola made it fall from favor in the naturalistic gardening styles of the 18th and 19th centuries. Yet handsome pergolas on brick and stone pillars with powerful cross-beams were a feature of the gardens designed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries by Sir Edwin Lutyens and Gertrude Jekyll and epitomize their trademark of firm structure luxuriantly planted. A particularly extensive pergola features at the gardens of The Hill, Hampstead (London), designed by Thomas Mawson for his client W. H. Lever.

Modern pergolas

Modern pergola design materials include wood, vinyl, fiberglass, aluminum and CPVC (cellular PVC) rather than brick or stone pillars are more affordable and are increasing in popularity. Wooden pergolas are either made from a weather-resistant wood, such as western redcedar (Thuja plicata) or, formerly, of coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens), or are painted or stained. For a low maintenance alternative to wood, vinyl, fiberglass, aluminum and CPVC can be used. These materials do not require yearly paint or stain like a wooden pergola and their manufacture can make them even stronger and longer lasting than a wooden pergola.

See also

• Breezeway
• Brise soleil
• Latticework
• Patio
• Trellis (architecture)
• Vine training systems

References

External links

• Media related to Pergolas at Wikimedia Commons

English Journal

• Epidemiology of HEV in the Mediterranean basin: 10-year prevalence in Italy.

• Lanini S1, Garbuglia AR1, Lapa D1, Puro V1, Navarra A1, Pergola C1, Ippolito G1, Capobianchi MR1.
• BMJ open.BMJ Open.2015 Jul 14;5(7):e007110. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-007110.
• OBJECTIVES: The present study is aimed at describing the seroprevalence and exploring potential risk factor(s) for hepatitis E virus (HEV) in participants who voluntarily underwent anti-HIV antibody testing.STUDY DESIGN: Seroprevalence study.SETTING: The HIV prevention unit at the National Institute
• PMID 26173715

• Continuing Medical Education Activity in Echocardiography: July 2015.

• Fadel BM1, Mohty D2, Husain A1, Dahdouh Z1, Al-Admawi M1, Pergola V1, Di Salvo G1.
• Echocardiography (Mount Kisco, N.Y.).Echocardiography.2015 Jul;32(7):1171. doi: 10.1111/echo.13004.
• PMID 26146903

• The Various Hemodynamic Profiles of the Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Adults.

• Fadel BM1, Mohty D2, Husain A1, Dahdouh Z1, Al-Admawi M1, Pergola V1, Di Salvo G1.
• Echocardiography (Mount Kisco, N.Y.).Echocardiography.2015 Jul;32(7):1172-8. doi: 10.1111/echo.12943. Epub 2015 Apr 12.
• The patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) has diverse clinical and hemodynamic manifestations depending on its size and the degree of the ensuing left-to-right shunt. A small PDA that causes minor shunting has no major hemodynamic consequences. Conversely, a large PDA with a significant left-to-right shunt
• PMID 25865358

Japanese Journal

• 除葉がブドウ'マスカット・ベリー A'における アントシアニン組成に及ぼす影響

• 松山 周平,丹澤 史子,小林 弘憲,鈴木 俊二,高田 良二,齋藤 浩
• Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science 83(1), 17-22, 2014
• 太陽光をはじめとする光量は，ブドウ果皮におけるアントシアニン，プロアントシアニジンおよびフラボノールの挙動に大きく関与することから，受光量に焦点を当てた最適な栽培管理（キャノピー・マネージメント）の実践は，高品質なワイン醸造用ブドウを得る上で重要な要素となる．本研究は，ブドウ'マスカット・ベリー A'におけるキャノピー・マネージメントの効果を検証すべく，ブドウ房周りの光量の違いが果皮の着色に及ぼす …
• NAID 130004510806

• 14064 Bamboo Project 2011 : 竹を用いた日除け(Bamboo Pergola)の場づくり(地域に喜びと活力を与える木の公共建築(1),建築デザイン,2012年度大会(東海)学術講演会・建築デザイン発表会)

• 青木 秀史,菅原 遼,鈴木 直,小川 雅人,畔柳 昭雄,坪井 塑太郎
• 学術講演梗概集 2012(建築デザイン), 128-129, 2012-09-12
• NAID 110009649463

• 41190 夏季の暑熱環境における緑陰の涼房効果 : その1 実測によるパーゴラ空間の快適性評価(熱的快適性,環境工学II)

• 小林 愛里,尾崎 明仁
• 学術講演梗概集. D-2, 環境工学II, 熱, 湿気, 温熱感, 自然エネルギー, 気流・換気・排煙, 数値流体, 空気清浄, 暖冷房・空調, 熱源設備, 設備応用 2011, 387-388, 2011-07-20
• NAID 110009521037

Related Links

• 特注照明器具・照明通販｜PERGOLA(パーゴラ)

PERGOLA（パーゴラ）はお客様のデザインを形にする特注照明器具やランプシェードの 制作、ヨーロッパからの照明をリペアして販売、その他、シェード張替えやエージング 塗装など照明器具に関するさまざまなサービスを提供しています。

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