WordNet

a metallic element having four allotropic forms; used in a wide variety of alloys; found in stibnite (同)Sb, atomic number 51
having a valence of five

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アンチモン(金属元素;化学記号『Sb』)

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1. 皮膚リーシュマニア症の治療 treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis
2. 内臓リーシュマニア症の治療 treatment of visceral leishmaniasis
3. 抗原虫治療 antiprotozoal therapies
4. 好中球減少症における感染の原因 infectious causes of neutropenia
5. 拡張型心筋症の原因 causes of dilated cardiomyopathy

English Journal

Chronic exposure to arsenic in drinking water can lead to resistance to antimonial drugs in a mouse model of visceral leishmaniasis.

Perry MR, Wyllie S, Raab A, Feldmann J, Fairlamb AH.Author information Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, United Kingdom.AbstractThe Indian subcontinent is the only region where arsenic contamination of drinking water coexists with widespread resistance to antimonial drugs that are used to treat the parasitic disease visceral leishmaniasis. We have previously proposed that selection for parasite resistance within visceral leishmaniasis patients who have been exposed to trivalent arsenic results in cross-resistance to the related metalloid antimony, present in the pentavalent state as a complex in drugs such as sodium stibogluconate (Pentostam) and meglumine antimonate (Glucantime). To test this hypothesis, Leishmania donovani was serially passaged in mice exposed to arsenic in drinking water at environmentally relevant levels (10 or 100 ppm). Arsenic accumulation in organs and other tissues was proportional to the level of exposure and similar to that previously reported in human liver biopsies. After five monthly passages in mice exposed to arsenic, isolated parasites were found to be completely refractory to 500 μg⋅mL(-1) Pentostam compared with the control passage group (38.5 μg⋅mL(-1)) cultured in vitro in mouse peritoneal macrophages. Reassessment of resistant parasites following further passage for 4 mo in mice without arsenic exposure showed that resistance was stable. Treatment of infected mice with Pentostam confirmed that resistance observed in vitro also occurred in vivo. We conclude that arsenic contamination may have played a significant role in the development of Leishmania antimonial resistance in Bihar because inadequate treatment with antimonial drugs is not exclusive to India, whereas widespread antimonial resistance is.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.2013 Dec 3;110(49):19932-7. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1311535110. Epub 2013 Oct 28.
The Indian subcontinent is the only region where arsenic contamination of drinking water coexists with widespread resistance to antimonial drugs that are used to treat the parasitic disease visceral leishmaniasis. We have previously proposed that selection for parasite resistance within visceral lei
PMID 24167266

Evaluation of in vitro antileishmanial activity of curcumin and its derivatives "Gallium curcumin, Indium curcumin and Diacethyle curcumin".

Fouladvand M, Barazesh A, Tahmasebi R.Author information Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, The Persian Gulf Tropical and Infectious Diseases Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran. mfooladvand39@yahoo.com.AbstractBACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Leishmania parasites are intracellular haemoflagellates that infect macrophages of the skin and viscera to produce diseases in their vertebrates hosts. Antileishmania therapy is based on pentavalent antimony compounds which toxicity of these agents and the persistence of side effects are severe. Curcumin was identified to be responsible for most of the biological effects of turmeric. Turmeric plant extracts (curcumin and other derivatives) have anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, antioxidant, anti-microbial, antileishmanial, hepato protective, anti-cancer, anti-ulcer and anti diabetic activity.
European review for medical and pharmacological sciences.Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci.2013 Dec;17(24):3306-8.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Leishmania parasites are intracellular haemoflagellates that infect macrophages of the skin and viscera to produce diseases in their vertebrates hosts. Antileishmania therapy is based on pentavalent antimony compounds which toxicity of these agents and the persistence of s
PMID 24379060

Oxidative stress in mice treated with antileishmanial meglumine antimoniate.

Bento DB, de Souza B, Steckert AV, Dias RO, Leffa DD, Moreno SE, Petronilho F, de Andrade VM, Dal-Pizzol F, Romão PR.Author information Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil.AbstractIn order to improve the understanding of the toxicity of pentavalent antimony (Sb(V)), we investigated the acute effects of meglumine antimoniate (MA) on the oxidative stress in heart, liver, kidney, spleen and brain tissue of mice. Levels of lipoperoxidation and protein carbonylation were measured to evaluate the oxidative status, whereas superoxide dismutase/catalase activity and glutathione levels were recorded to examine the antioxidative status. We observed that MA caused significant protein carbonylation in the heart, spleen and brain tissue. Increased lipoperoxidation was found in the liver and brain tissue. An imbalance between superoxide dismutase and catalase activities could be observed in heart, liver, spleen and brain tissue. Our results suggest that MA causes oxidative stress in several vital organs of mice. This indicates that the production of highly reactive oxygen and nitrogen species induced by MA might be involved in some of its toxic adverse effects.
Research in veterinary science.Res Vet Sci.2013 Dec;95(3):1134-41. doi: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2013.08.004. Epub 2013 Aug 22.
In order to improve the understanding of the toxicity of pentavalent antimony (Sb(V)), we investigated the acute effects of meglumine antimoniate (MA) on the oxidative stress in heart, liver, kidney, spleen and brain tissue of mice. Levels of lipoperoxidation and protein carbonylation were measured
PMID 24012348

Japanese Journal

Oxidation States of Antimony and Arsenic in Marine Ferromanganese Oxides Related to Their Fractionation in Oxic Marine Environment

Kashiwabara Teruhiko,Mitsunobu Satoshi,Das Anirban,Itai Takaaki,Tanimizu Masaharu,Takahashi Yoshio
Chemistry Letters 37(7), 756-757, 2008
… Oxidation states of Sb and As in marine ferromanganese oxides determined by X-ray absorption near-edge structure showed that both As and Sb are pentavalent in the ferromanganese oxides. …
NAID 130004425209

５価のアンチモンで汚染させた土壌の溶出特性と原子価の変化

颯田尚哉,日景郁江,福谷哲
環境工学研究論文集 44, 417-425, 2007
アンチモンの溶出特性と原子価の変化を検討するために, 5価のアンチモン (KSb (OH) <SUB>6</SUB>) を添加した模擬汚染土壌を用いて, 精製水と1M塩酸による溶出実験を行った. 5価態のアンチモン (Sb (V)) は土壌へゆっくりであるが強く収着され, 水に溶けにくい形態となる. 汚染後3ヶ月の間に, 精製水への溶出量は全量の10%に低下し, 塩酸では4 …
NAID 130003775911

Effects of Coexisting Oxygen and Antimony in Molten Copper on Rate of Arsenic Elimination from the Copper Phase by the Use of Na2CO3 Slag

Tanahashi Mitsuru,Fujinaga Takeru,Su Zhijian,Takeda Kunihiko,Sohn Hong Yong,Yamauchi Chikabumi
MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS 46(10), 2180-2189, 2005
… The results obtained, under the experimental conditions of this study, show that As in molten copper is eliminated in a pentavalent form and that its elimination rate increases with increasing initial oxygen concentration in molten copper. …
NAID 130004452609