WordNet

of or relating to the pelvis; "pelvic exam"; "pelvic inflammation"
the structure of the vertebrate skeleton supporting the lower limbs in humans and the hind limbs or corresponding parts in other vertebrates (同)pelvic_girdle, pelvic arch, hip
a structure shaped like a funnel in the outlet of the kidney into which urine is discharged before passing into the ureter (同)renal_pelvis

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/09/09 01:29:41」(JST)

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The pelvic girdle of the dinosaur Falcarius utahensis

Human pelvis front image by x-ray (top), magnetic resonance imaging (middle), and 3-dimensional computed tomography (bottom).

Illustration of the Pelvis (Anterior and Posterior view)

The pelvis, derived from the Latin word for "basin", is an anatomical structure found in most vertebrates. This name is given to both:

the bony structure that connects the base of the spine to the upper end of the rear legs (in humans, the upper end of the legs), also called the bony pelvis, including the left and right coxal bones, sacrum and coccyx.
the region of the body defined by that structure.

The muscles and tissue beneath the bony pelvis are known as the pelvic floor. The rounded epiphysis of the femur, called the Head, articulates with the pelvic bone at a curved cavity in it, called the acetabulum.^[1] This articulation (Combining form Articul/o = Joint. Suffix -ation = a process; being or having) is called 'the Hip Joint'.

Pelvis skeleton

The skeleton of the pelvis is also known as the bony pelvis, or simply the pelvis. It is a large, bilaterally symmetric, compound bone structure, consisting of:

the pelvic girdles (the two coxal bones, which are part of the appendicular skeleton) and
the pelvic region of the spine (sacrum, and coccyx, which are part of the axial skeleton)

The top or forward part of the bony pelvis is called the pelvic inlet, and its edge the pelvic brim. A related skeletal structure, found mainly in birds and dinosaurs, is the synsacrum.

In mammals, the bony pelvis has a gap in the middle, significantly larger in females than in males. Babies pass through this gap when they are born.

Pelvic cavity and lesser pelvis

The cavity defined by the bony pelvis up to the pelvic brim, bounded by the pelvic walls is also known as the pelvic cavity. The region of the body defined by the bony pelvis and the pelvic cavity is called the lesser pelvis (or true pelvis).

As the pelvis is concave, another cavity is defined by the pelvis above and in front of the pelvic brim. This is referred to this as the greater pelvis (or false pelvis). Some authors consider it part of the pelvic cavity, others consider it part of the abdominal cavity, others call both the abdominopelvic cavity.

The pelvis has 5 walls:

an anteroinferior,
a posterior
two lateral pelvic walls; and
an inferior pelvic wall, also called the pelvic floor.^[2]^[3]

Evolutionary history

The pelvis girdle was present in early vertebrates, and can be tracked back to the paired fins of fish that were some of the earliest chordates.^[4]

Evolution in primates

In primates, the pelvis consists of four parts - the left and the right hip bones which meet in the mid-line ventrally and are fixed to the sacrum dorsally and the coccyx. Each hip bone consists of three components, the ilium, the ischium, and the pubis, and at the time of sexual maturity these bones become fused together, though there is never any movement between them. In humans, the ventral joint of the pubic bones is closed.

The most striking feature of evolution of the pelvis in primates is the widening and the shortening of the blade called the ilium. Because of the stresses involved in bipedal locomotion, the muscles of the thigh move the thigh forward and backward, providing the power for bi-pedal and quadrupedal locomotion.^[5]

References

^ Princeton Review (29 July 2003). Anatomy Coloring Workbook, Second Edition. The Princeton Review. p. 49. ISBN 978-0-375-76342-7. Retrieved 30 July 2012.
^ Moore, Keith L. et al. (2010) Clinically Oriented Anatomy 6th Ed., ch. 3 Pelvis and perineum, p.339
^ Richard S. Snell Clinical Anatomy By Regions, Pevic cavity p.242
^ William K. Gregory, The American Naturalist, Vol. 69, No. 722 (1935), pp. 193-210, University of Chicago Press. [1]
^ Bernard Grant Campbell (1998). Human Evolution: An Introduction to Mans Adaptations. Transaction Publishers. p. 170. ISBN 978-0-202-02042-6. Retrieved 30 July 2012.

External links

The dictionary definition of pelvis at Wiktionary
Media related to Pelvis at Wikimedia Commons

UpToDate Contents

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1. 骨盤内炎症性疾患の治療 treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease
2. 婦人科歴および内診 the gynecologic history and pelvic examination
3. 女性における慢性骨盤痛の評価 evaluation of chronic pelvic pain in women
4. 女性における急性骨盤痛の評価 evaluation of acute pelvic pain in women
5. 女性における慢性骨盤痛の原因 causes of chronic pelvic pain in women

English Journal

Evaluation of load carriage systems used by active duty police officers: Relative effects on walking patterns and perceived comfort.

Ramstrand N1, Zügner R2, Larsen LB3, Tranberg R4.
Applied ergonomics.Appl Ergon.2016 Mar;53 Pt A:36-43. doi: 10.1016/j.apergo.2015.08.007. Epub 2015 Sep 5.
OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to examine the effects of two different load carriage systems on gait kinematics, temporospatial gait parameters and self-reported comfort in Swedish police.METHODS: 21 active duty police officers were recruited for this crossover study design. Biomechanical and self-rep
PMID 26674402

Modeling the contraction of the pelvic floor muscles.

Brandão FS1, Parente MP2, Rocha PA2, Saraiva MT3, Ramos IM1, Natal Jorge RM2.
Computer methods in biomechanics and biomedical engineering.Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin.2016 Mar;19(4):347-56. doi: 10.1080/10255842.2015.1028031. Epub 2015 May 8.
We performed numerical simulation of voluntary contraction of the pelvic floor muscles to evaluate the resulting displacements of the organs and muscles. Structures were segmented in Magnetic Resonance (MR) images. Different material properties and constitutive models were attributed. The Finite Ele
PMID 25953072

Potential Usefulness of 99mTc-DMSA for Radio-Guided Surgery in Pediatric Renal Dysplasia.

Familiari D1, Di Franco D, Cacciaguerra S, Ruggeri A, Russo S, Fornito MC.
Clinical nuclear medicine.Clin Nucl Med.2016 Feb;41(2):e107-10. doi: 10.1097/RLU.0000000000001025.
We report a case of an ectopic/hypoplastic kidney removed by radio-guided surgery. A 7-year-old girl, with a history of vaginal drainage of urine, underwent renal scintigraphy with Tc-DMSA. SPECT/CT revealed a focal uptake in the pelvis, corresponding to hypoplastic kidney as confirmed by MRI. Based
PMID 26462041

Japanese Journal

Does Degree of the Pelvic Deformity Affect the Accuracy of Computed Tomography-Based Hip Navigation?

Kajino Yoshitomo,Kabata Tamon,Maeda Toru,Iwai Shintaro,Kuroda Kazunari,Tsuchiya Hiroyuki
Journal of Arthroplasty 27(9), 1651-1657, 2012-10
… Although some navigation systems have been used for improvement of component positioning, there have been few reports regarding cases of severe pelvic deformity. … We performed a retrospective review of 25 cases of total hip arthroplasty with a computed tomography-based navigation system in patients with severe pelvic deformities and estimated acetabular component position and angle between severe deformity group and mild dysplastic group as a control. …
NAID 120004140869