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- トローチ(のどの薬などの入ったドロップ式錠剤)(troche)
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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/04/26 06:22:37」(JST)
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For the racehorse, see Pastille (horse).
Pastille
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Sakuma drops
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| Alternative names |
Troche, medicated lozenge |
| Type |
Confectionery |
| Main ingredients |
Thick liquid |
| Cookbook: Pastille Media: Pastille |
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This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2009) |
A pastille is a type of sweet or medicinal pill made of a thick liquid that has been solidified and is meant to be consumed by light chewing and allowing it to dissolve in the mouth. They are also used to describe certain forms of incense.
A pastille is also known as a "troche", or a medicated lozenge that dissolves like candy.
Contents
- 1 Origins
- 2 Production
- 3 Types
- 4 See also
- 5 External links
Origins
A pastille was originally a pill-shaped lump of compressed herbs, which was burnt to release its medicinal properties. Literary references to the burning of medicinal pastilles include the short story "The Birth-Mark" by Nathaniel Hawthorne, the poem "The Laboratory" by Robert Browning, and the novel Jane Eyre by Charlotte Brontë. They are also mentioned in the novel McTeague by Frank Norris, when the title character's wife burns them to mask an unpleasant odor in the couple's rooms. In Dashiell Hammett's The Maltese Falcon, "a half-filled package of violet pastilles" are among the items found in Joel Cairo's pockets. They were also widely used during the eighteenth century in Western cultures to take herbal curatives and medicines, which eventually were developed into candies.
Production
Pastilles are made by pouring a thick liquid into a powdered, sugared, or waxed mold and then allowing the liquid to set and dry. The substances contained in the dried liquid are slowly released when chewed and allowed to dissolve in the mouth. The substances are then absorbed by the mucous membranes of the oral cavity or in the lower gastro-intestinal tracts. Various substances, be they of medicinal nature or for flavour can be put into pastille forms.
Due to the oily nature of these active substances (essential oils, tinctures and extracts), pastilles are usually based on a mixtures of starch and gum arabic, which emulsifies the substance and binds them in a hydrocolloidal matrix. The starch and gum also reduces the rate in which the pastille dissolves and moderates the amount of active substances delivered at a time. Gum arabic also hardens the pastilles and makes them more sturdy in storage and transport.
Types
Well known pastille type candies include:
- Läkerol
- Vocalzone Throat Pastilles, natural throat pastilles for voice overuse
- Jujube
- Rowntree's Fruit Pastilles, small round sweets
- Vichy Pastilles, octagonal candy pastilles
- Wine gum
- Grether's Pastilles
- Pastiglie Leone, Herbal digestives and candy pastilles
See also
External links
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Look up pastille in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |
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Routes of administration / Dosage forms
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| Oral |
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Digestive tract (enteral)
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Solids
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- Pill
- Tablet
- Capsule
- Pastille
- Time release technology
- Osmotic delivery system (OROS)
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Liquids
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- Decoction
- Elixir
- Electuary
- Emulsion
- Extended-release syrup
- Effervescent powder or tablet
- Herbal tea
- Hydrogel
- Molecular encapsulation
- Powder
- Softgel
- Solution
- Suspension
- Syrup
- Syrup Concentrate for dilution and/or addition of carbonated water
- Tincture
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Buccal (Sublabial) Sublingual
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Solids
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- Orally disintegrating tablet (ODT)
- Film
- Lollipop
- Sublingual drops
- Lozenges
- Effervescent buccal tablet
- Chewing gum
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Liquids
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- Mouthwash
- Toothpaste
- Ointment
- Oral spray
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Respiratory
tract
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Solids
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- Smoking device
- Dry-powder inhaler (DPI)
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Liquids
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- Anaesthetic vaporizer
- Vaporizer
- Nebulizer
- Metered-dose inhaler (MDI)
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Gas
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- Oxygen mask and Nasal cannula
- Oxygen concentrator
- Anaesthetic machine
- Relative analgesia machine
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Ophthalmic /
Otologic / Nasal |
- Nasal spray
- Ear drops
- Eye drops
- Ointment
- Hydrogel
- Nanosphere suspension
- Insufflation
- Mucoadhesive microdisc (microsphere tablet)
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| Urogenital |
- Ointment
- Pessary (vaginal suppository)
- Vaginal ring
- Vaginal douche
- Intrauterine device (IUD)
- Extra-amniotic infusion
- Intravesical infusion
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| Rectal (enteral) |
- Ointment
- Suppository
- Enema
- Murphy drip
- Nutrient enema
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| Dermal |
- Ointment
- Topical cream
- Topical gel
- Liniment
- Paste
- Film
- DMSO drug solution
- Electrophoretic dermal delivery system
- Hydrogel
- Liposomes
- Transfersome vesicles
- Cream
- Lotion
- Lip balm
- Medicated shampoo
- Dermal patch
- Transdermal patch
- Contact (rubbed into break in the skin)
- Transdermal spray
- Jet injector
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Injection /
Infusion
(into tissue/
blood) |
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Skin
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- Intradermal
- Subcutaneous
- Transdermal implant
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Organs
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- Intracavernous
- Intravitreal
- Intra-articular injection
- Transscleral
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Central nervous system
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- Intracerebral
- Intrathecal
- Epidural
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Circulatory / Musculoskeletal
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- Intravenous
- Intracardiac
- Intramuscular
- Intraosseous
- Intraperitoneal
- Nanocell injection
- Patient-Controlled Analgesia pump
- PIC line
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Category Commons WikiProject
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- A disturbed interaction with accessory cells upon opportunistic infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa contributes to an impaired IFN-γ production of NK cells in the lung during sepsis-induced immunosuppression.
- Pastille E1, Pohlmann S2, Wirsdörfer F3, Reib A2, Flohé SB4.
- Innate immunity.Innate Immun.2015 Feb;21(2):115-26. doi: 10.1177/1753425913517274. Epub 2014 Jan 9.
- Impaired resistance to Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced pneumonia after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), a mouse model for human polymicrobial sepsis, is associated with decreased IFN-γ, but increased IL-10, levels in the lung. We investigated the so far unknown mechanisms underlying this reduced I
- PMID 24406749
- Breaking the cooperation between bystander T-cells and Natural Killer cells prevents the development of immunosuppression after traumatic skeletal muscle injury in mice.
- Wirsdörfer F, Bangen JM, Pastille E, Hansen W, Flohé SB.
- Clinical science (London, England : 1979).Clin Sci (Lond).2015 Jan 22. [Epub ahead of print]
- Nosocomial infections represent serious complications after traumatic or surgical injuries on intensive care units. The pathogenesis of the underlying immunosuppression is only incompletely understood. In the present study, we investigated whether injury interferes with the function of the adaptive
- PMID 25609031
- Transient ablation of regulatory T cells improves antitumor immunity in colitis-associated colon cancer.
- Pastille E1, Bardini K1, Fleissner D1, Adamczyk A1, Frede A1, Wadwa M1, von Smolinski D2, Kasper S3, Sparwasser T4, Gruber AD2, Schuler M5, Sakaguchi S6, Roers A7, Müller W8, Hansen W1, Buer J1, Westendorf AM9.
- Cancer research.Cancer Res.2014 Aug 15;74(16):4258-69. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-13-3065. Epub 2014 Jun 6.
- Regulatory T cells (Treg) are supportive to cancer development in most tissues, but their role in colitis-associated colon cancer (CAC) remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of CD4(+)Foxp3(+) Treg in a mouse model of CAC and in patients with colon cancer. These Treg were increased
- PMID 24906621
Japanese Journal
- Sensory Stimulation to Improve Swallowing Reflex and Prevent Aspiration Pneumonia in Elderly Dysphagic People
- Ebihara Satoru,Kohzuki Masahiro,Sumi Yasunori [他],EBIHARA Takae
- Journal of pharmacological sciences 115(2), 99-104, 2011-02-20
- … The administration of a pastille with capsaicin as an agonist stimulus of TRPV1, a warm-temperature receptor, decreased the delay in swallowing reflex. …
- NAID 10029891712
- Crystallization of Pastilles from Molten Paraffin-A New Design Method Based on Temperature Effects
- Onoe Kaoru,Hoshi Akie,Kudoh Yumi [他],AKIYA TAKAJI,NISHIMINE KENICHI,TOYOKURA KEN
- Journal of chemical engineering of Japan 35(11), 1161-1168, 2002-11-01
- … Crystallization of pastilles from molten paraffin was investigated by measuring (1) the layer thickness growth rate, (2) the secondary crystallization rate, and (3) the shape change during the transformation from a paraffin droplet to a pastille. …
- NAID 130000020033
Related Links
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- pastilleとは。意味や和訳。[名]1 （通例薬剤を入れた）香錠；トローチ.2 [U]固形薫蒸剤.3 パステル；パステル製クレヨン. - goo英和辞書は14万項目以上を収録し、発音、音声、慣用句、例文が分かる英和辞書です。
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