副鼻の、鼻傍の

WordNet

adjacent to the nasal cavities; "paranasal sinus"

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/11/06 04:35:26」(JST)

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Paranasal sinuses are a group of four paired air-filled spaces that surround the nasal cavity (maxillary sinuses), above the eyes (frontal sinuses), between the eyes (ethmoid sinuses), and behind the ethmoids (sphenoid sinuses). The sinuses are named for the facial bones in which they are located.

Types in humans

Humans possess a number of paranasal sinuses, divided into subgroups that are named according to the bones within which the sinuses lie:

the maxillary sinuses, also called the maxillary antrechea and the largest of the paranasal sinuses, are under the eyes, in the maxillary bones.
the frontal sinuses, superior to the eyes, in the frontal bone, which forms the hard part of the forehead.
the ethmoid sinuses, which are formed from several discrete air cells within the ethmoid bone between the nose and the eyes.
the sphenoid sinuses, in the sphenoid bone at the center of the skull base under the pituitary gland.

The paranasal air sinuses are lined with respiratory epithelium (ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium).

Development

Paranasal sinuses form developmentally through excavation of bone by air-filled sacs (pneumatic diverticula) from the nasal cavity. This process begins prenatally, and it continues through the course of an organism's lifetime.

Sinuses in animals

Paranasal sinuses occur in a variety of animals (including most mammals, birds, non-avian dinosaurs, and crocodilians). In non-humans, the bones occupied by sinuses are quite variable.

Biological function

The biological role of the sinuses is debated, but a number of possible functions have been proposed:

Decreasing the relative weight of the front of the skull, and especially the bones of the face.
Increasing resonance of the voice.
Providing a buffer against blows to the face.
Insulating sensitive structures like dental roots and eyes from rapid temperature fluctuations in the nasal cavity.
Humidifying and heating of inhaled air because of slow air turnover in this region.
Regulation of intranasal and serum gas pressures
Immunological Defense

Ailments

For more details on this topic, see Sinusitis.

The paranasal sinuses are joined to the nasal cavity via small orifices called ostia. These become blocked easily by allergic inflammation, or by swelling in the nasal lining which occurs with a cold. If this happens, normal drainage of mucus within the sinuses is disrupted, and sinusitis may occur.

These conditions may be treated with drugs such as decongestants, which cause vasoconstriction in the sinuses, reducing inflammation, by traditional techniques of nasal irrigation, or by corticosteroid.

Malignancies of the paranasal sinuses comprise approximately 0.2% of all malignancies. About 80% of these malignancies arise in the maxillary sinus. Men are much more often affected than women. They most often occur in the age group between 40 and 70 years. Carcinomas are more frequent than sarcomas. Metastases are rare. Tumours of the sphenoid and frontal sinuses are extremely rare.

Etymology

Sinus is a Latin word meaning a fold or pocket; in particular the front pocket in a toga.

Additional images

Paranasal sinuses

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Paranasal sinus

Paranasal+sinuses at eMedicine Dictionary
The Anatomy Wiz: CT Paranasal Sinuses
Sinus Problems FAQ
Sinusitis: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment
University of Texas Medical Branch: Paranasal Sinus Anatomy and Function

UpToDate Contents

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1. 鼻症状の原因：概要 etiologies of nasal symptoms an overview
2. 副鼻腔癌 paranasal sinus cancer
3. 味覚および嗅覚障害の評価および治療 evaluation and treatment of taste and smell disorders
4. アレルギー性鼻炎（副鼻腔炎）の病因 pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis rhinosinusitis
5. 頭頚部癌の診断および病期分類の概要 overview of the diagnosis and staging of head and neck cancer

English Journal

Clinical profile and outcomes of management of orbital cellulitis in Upper Egypt.

Elshafei AMK1, Sayed MF1, Abdallah RMA2.
Journal of ophthalmic inflammation and infection.J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect.2017 Dec;7(1):8. doi: 10.1186/s12348-017-0126-3. Epub 2017 Mar 9.
PMID 28275981

Failure patterns and prognostic factors of patients with primary mucosal melanoma of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.

Liu ZP1,2, Luo JW1, Xu GZ1, Gao L1, Yi JL1, Huang XD1, Qu Y1, Wang K1, Zhang SP1, Xiao JP1.
Acta oto-laryngologica.Acta Otolaryngol.2017 Oct;137(10):1115-1120. doi: 10.1080/00016489.2017.1336797. Epub 2017 Jun 22.
PMID 28767022

Robot-assisted endoscope guidance versus manual endoscope guidance in functional endonasal sinus surgery (FESS).

Eichhorn KW1, Westphal R2, Rilk M2, Last C2, Bootz F1, Wahl F2, Jakob M1, Send T1.
Acta oto-laryngologica.Acta Otolaryngol.2017 Oct;137(10):1090-1095. doi: 10.1080/00016489.2017.1336284. Epub 2017 Jun 9.
PMID 28598713

Japanese Journal

発症から長期経過後に副鼻腔手術により視力改善が得られた鼻性視神経症の1例 (特集第68回日本臨床眼科学会講演集(5))

海野茂樹,横田陽匡,野村研一郎 [他]
臨床眼科 69(7), 1075-1079, 2015-07
NAID 40020522024

ANCA関連副鼻腔粘膜病変により眼窩先端症候群を呈した1例 (特集第68回日本臨床眼科学会講演集(1))

谷澤和之,高橋淳士,安井文智 [他]
臨床眼科 69(3), 361-366, 2015-03
NAID 40020395761

化学放射線療法を施行した副鼻腔小細胞癌例

田村理恵,清水顕,鈴木衞
耳鼻咽喉科臨床 108(9), 725-731, 2015
… There are few reports of small cell carcinoma originating in the nasal and paranasal cavity, but in this paper, we report on a case we experienced, in which small cell carcinoma developed around the ethmoidal sinus.A 57-year-old male with the major complaint of a left nasal obstruction and epistaxis consulted with his local doctor, and because a hemorrhagic mass filling the nasal cavity was observed, he was referred to our department. …
NAID 130005096778

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「副鼻」「鼻傍」

「副鼻」

Paranasal sinuses
	Paranasal sinuses.
	Lateral projection of the paranasal sinuses
Latin	sinus paranasales
Gray's	subject #223 998
Dorlands/Elsevier	Paranasal sinuses