panic

• パニック

　 　 　 　 　

WordNet

1. cause sudden fear in or fill with sudden panic; "The mere thought of an isolation cell panicked the prisoners"
2. sudden mass fear and anxiety over anticipated events; "panic in the stock market"; "a war scare"; "a bomb scare led them to evacuate the building" (同)scare
3. an overwhelming feeling of fear and anxiety (同)terror, affright
4. be overcome by a sudden fear; "The students panicked when told that final exams were less than a week away"
5. the bone enclosing the middle ear
6. a variety of aster
7. make a sweeping movement; "The camera panned across the room"
8. cooking utensil consisting of a wide metal vessel (同)cooking pan
9. shallow container made of metal
10. wash dirt in a pan to separate out the precious minerals (同)pan_out, pan off
11. express a totally negative opinion of; "The critics panned the performance" (同)tear apart, trash

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 〈C〉〈U〉『あわてふためき,恐慌』,ろうばい / 〈C〉経済恐慌,パニック / 《単数形で》《米俗》とてもおかしなもの,珍無類なもの / あわてふためく,恐慌に陥る / …‘を'あわてさせる / 《米俗》〈観客〉‘を'沸きたたせる
2. あわてふためいた
3. (通例ふたのない片柄の)『平なべ』 / 平なべ状の物;(はかりなどの)皿;(砂金などを砂利から分ける)選鉱なべ / 硬質地層 / …‘を'平なべで煮る / 〈砂金など〉‘を'えり分ける,選鉱する《+『off』(『out』)+『名,』+『名』+『off』(『out』)》 / 《話》…‘を'こきおろす,酷評する / (…を得るために)選鉱なべで洗う《+『for』+『名』》
4. (映画・テレビで,全景を写すために)〈カメラ〉‘を'上下(左右)に動かす,パンする / カメラを上下(左右)に動かして撮る,パンする

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/08/03 13:25:00」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

For the psychological condition, see Panic attack.

For other uses, see Panic (disambiguation).

Bank run on the Seamen's Savings' Bank during the Panic of 1857.

Panic is a sudden sensation of fear which is so strong as to dominate or prevent reason and logical thinking, replacing it with overwhelming feelings of anxiety and frantic agitation consistent with an animalistic fight-or-flight reaction. Panic may occur singularly in individuals or manifest suddenly in large groups as mass panic (closely related to herd behavior).

Prehistoric men used mass panic as a technique when hunting animals, especially ruminants. Herds reacting to unusually strong sounds or unfamiliar visual effects were directed towards cliffs, where they eventually jumped to their deaths when cornered. Humans are also vulnerable to panic and it is often considered infectious, in the sense one person's panic may easily spread to other people nearby and soon the entire group acts irrationally, but people also have the ability to prevent and/or control their own and others' panic by disciplined thinking or training (such as disaster drills). Architects and city planners try to accommodate the symptoms of panic, such as herd behavior, during design and planning, often using simulations to determine the best way to lead people to a safe exit and prevent congestion (stampedes). The most effective methods are often non-intuitive. A tall column or columns, placed in front of the door exit at a precisely calculated distance, may speed up the evacuation of a large room, as the obstacle divides the congestion well ahead of the choke point.

An influential theoretical treatment of panic is found in Neil J. Smelser's Theory of Collective Behavior. The science of panic management has found important practical applications in the armed forces and emergency services of the world.

Many highly publicized cases of deadly panic occurred during massive public events. The layout of Mecca was extensively redesigned by Saudi authorities in an attempt to eliminate frequent stampedes, which kill an average of 250 pilgrims every year. Football stadiums have seen deadly crowd rushes and stampedes, such as at Heysel stadium in Belgium in 1985 with more than 600 casualties, including 39 deaths, and at Hillsborough stadium in Sheffield, England, in 1989 when 96 people were killed in a deadly crush.

See also

• Panic attack
• Anxiety
• Fight-or-flight response
• Angst
• Collective behavior
• Collective identity
• Emotion
• Hysteria
• Kernel panic
• Moral panic
• Financial panic
• Panic disorder
• Panic Saturday (Super Saturday), last Saturday before Christmas

Footnotes

External links

• Panic! How it works and What To Do About It — by Bruce Tognazzini.
• "Panic: Myth or Reality?" — Professor Lee Clarke, Contexts Magazine, 2002. (Article available as PDF from Lee Clarke's website)

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. Pharmacotherapy for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia in adults
• 2. 成人におけるパニック障害：疫学、病因、臨床症状、経過、評価および診断 panic disorder in adults epidemiology pathogenesis clinical manifestations course assessment and diagnosis
• 3. Psychotherapy for panic disorder with or without agoraphobia in adults
• 4. Approach to treating panic disorder with or without agoraphobia in adults
• 5. Schizotypal personality disorder: Epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, course, and diagnosis

English Journal

• Ethopharmacological evaluation of the rat exposure test: A prey-predator interaction test.

• Campos KF, Amaral VC, Rico JL, Miguel TT, Nunes-de-Souza RL.SourceLaboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Araraquara, SP 14801-902, Brazil; Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences UFSCar/UNESP. Rod. Washington Luís, Km 235, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil.
• Behavioural brain research.Behav Brain Res.2013 Mar 1;240:160-70. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.11.023. Epub 2012 Nov 27.
• The rat exposure test (RET) is a prey (mouse)-predator (rat) situation that activates brain defensive areas and elicits hormonal and defensive behavior in the mouse. Here, we investigated possible correlations between the spatiotemporal [time spent in protected (home chamber and tunnel) and unprotec
• PMID 23195112

• Effects of chronic treatment with corticosterone and imipramine on fos immunoreactivity and adult hippocampal neurogenesis.

• Diniz L, Dos Santos TB, Britto LR, Céspedes IC, Garcia MC, Spadari-Bratfisch RC, Medalha CC, de Castro GM, Montesano FT, Viana MB.SourceDepartment of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
• Behavioural brain research.Behav Brain Res.2013 Feb 1;238:170-7. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.10.024. Epub 2012 Oct 22.
• In a previous study we showed that rats chronically treated with corticosterone (CORT) display anxiogenic behavior, evidenced by facilitation of avoidance responses in the elevated T-maze (ETM) model of anxiety. Treatment with the tricyclic antidepressant imipramine significantly reversed the anxiog
• PMID 23098799

• Long-term effectiveness of CBT for anxiety disorders in an adult outpatient clinic sample: A follow-up study.

• Dimauro J, Domingues J, Fernandez G, Tolin DF.SourceAnxiety Disorders Center, Institute of Living/Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT 06106, USA.
• Behaviour research and therapy.Behav Res Ther.2013 Feb;51(2):82-6. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2012.10.003. Epub 2012 Oct 30.
• The short-term efficacy and effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) for treating anxiety disorders in adults has been well established by a multitude of clinical studies and well-controlled randomized trials. However, though the long-term efficacy of CBT as a treatment modality is fairly
• PMID 23262115

• Gabapentin in somatoform and panic disorder.

• Joos AA, Zeeck A.SourceDepartment of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy University of Freiburg Hauptstraße 8, Freiburg, Germany andreas.joos@uniklinik-freiburg.de Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy University of Freiburg Hauptstraße 8, Freiburg, Germany.
• Journal of clinical psychopharmacology.J Clin Psychopharmacol.2013 Feb;33(1):140-2. doi: 10.1097/01.jcp.0000426187.42045.a3.
• PMID 23288241

Japanese Journal

• 併存したパニック症症状が経過や治療に悪影響を及ぼしていた強迫症の2症例

• 臨床精神医学 = Japanese journal of clinical psychiatry 46(3), 339-346, 2017-03
• NAID 40021121045

• 夜間の異常行動の鑑別診断 (特集 鑑別しにくい精神症状や行動障害をどう診分けるか)

• 精神科治療学 32(1), 91-95, 2017-01
• NAID 40021117289

• 見えないだけがロービジョンではない―ロービジョンの対象となる様々な疾患―

• 神経眼科 34(1), 25-32, 2017
• NAID 130005520129

• 中国台頭症候群―香港・台湾から見た「チャイニーズ・システム」の課題

• アジア研究 63(1), 48-67, 2017
• NAID 130005476043

Related Links

• パニック - ショッキングなほどに優れたソフトウエアをあなたに。 - Panic

Panic（パニック）Inc. は 1997 年、米国オレゴン州ポートランド市に設立されました。 Coda、Transmit といった Mac 用ユーティリティソフトウエアを中心に、自社による開発 と販売を行っています。

• Panic - Shockingly Good Software.

Panic makes Macintosh software that rocks. Our programs include Coda, Transmit, Diet Coda, Prompt, and much more.

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