paddle

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

WordNet

1. swim like a dog in shallow water
2. a short light oar used without an oarlock to propel a canoe or small boat (同)boat paddle
3. a blade of a paddle wheel or water wheel
4. an instrument of punishment consisting of a flat board
5. small wooden bat with a flat surface; used for hitting balls in various games
6. propel with a paddle; "paddle your own canoe"
7. stir with a paddle
8. a large wheel fitted with paddles and driven by an engine in order to propel a boat (同)paddle wheel
9. primitive fish of the Mississippi valley having a long paddle-shaped snout (同)duckbill, Polyodon spathula
10. a wooden covering for the upper part of a paddlewheel (同)paddle-box
11. a steam vessel propelled by paddle wheels (同)paddle-wheeler
12. shaped in the form of a paddle; "paddle-shaped fins"

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. パドル(カヌーなどをこぐ短く幅の広いかい) / (ピンポンなどの)ラケット / (かき混ぜたり打ったりする)へら状の道具 / (アヒルの)水かき / 〈カヌーなど〉‘を'かいでこぐ / 《話》〈人,人のおしりなど〉‘を'へら棒で打つ,平手で打つ / かいでこぐ
2. (浅い場所で)水をパシャパシャさせる;浅瀬を歩く
3. 外輪(昔の汽船の両舷(けん)の外側についた水かき車)
4. ヘラチョウザメ(米国Mississippi川周辺に住む)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/07/31 23:14:07」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

For other uses, see Paddle (disambiguation).

Canoeist Maria Francis competing in 1989, using a feathered kayak paddle

Paddling surfboards

Team of the Boating Club de Canotage Otterburn using canoe paddles

A wooden paddle from around 6.200 B.C.

A paddle is a tool used for pushing against liquids, either as a form of propulsion in a boat or as an implement for mixing.

Canoe/kayak paddles

Materials and designs

Paddles commonly used in canoes consist of a wooden, fibreglass, carbon fibre or metal rod (the shaft) with a handle on one end and a rigid sheet (the blade) on the other end. Paddles for use in kayaks are longer, with a blade on each end; they are handled from the middle of the shaft.

Kayak paddles having blades in the same plane (when viewed down the shaft) are called "un-feathered." Paddles with blades in different planes (such as in the image) are called "feathered". Feathered paddles are measured by the degree of feather, such as 30, 45, or even 90 degrees. The paddle in the image to the right is feathered around 15 degrees. Many modern paddles are made of two pieces which can be snapped together in either feathered or unfeathered settings. The shaft is normally straight but in some cases a 'crank' is added with the aim of making the paddle more comfortable and reducing the strain on the wrist. Because the kayak paddle is not supported by the boat, paddles made of lighter materials are desired; it is not uncommon for a kayak paddle to be two pounds (32 ounces) or less in weight and very expensive paddles can be as light as 22 ounces. In addition, weight savings are more desirable at the ends of the paddle rather than in the middle.

Cheaper kayak paddles have an aluminium shaft while more expensive ones use a lighter fibreglass or carbon fibre shaft. Some paddles have a smaller diameter shaft for people with smaller hands. Paddle length varies with a longer paddle being better suited for stronger people, taller people, and people using the paddle in a wider kayak. Some paddle makers have an online paddle size calculator. Blades vary in size and shape. A blade with a larger surface area may be desirable for a strong person with good shoulder joints, but tiring for a weaker person or a person with less than perfect shoulder joints. Some paddle makers offer blades in three sizes.

Because normal paddling involves alternately dipping and raising the paddle blades, the colour of the blades may affect the visibility of the kayaker to powerboats operators under limited visibility conditions. For this reason white or yellow blades may offer a safety advantage over black or blue blades. Of course, kayakers should wear a headlamp or have other lighting on their kayak under conditions of limited lighting. However, if a powerboat operator must look straight into a sun low in the sky to see a kayaker, the motion of brightly coloured paddle blades may be of more value than lighting on the kayak. Highly reflective water resistant tape (e.g. SOLAS tape) may be affixed to the paddle blades and boat to enhance visibility.

Use

The paddle is held with two hands, some distance apart from each other. For normal use, it is drawn through the water from front (bow) to back (stern) to drive the boat forwards. The two blades of a kayak paddle are dipped alternately on either side of the kayak. A paddle is distinguished from an oar in that the paddle is held in the user's hands and completely supported by the paddler, whereas an oar is primarily supported by the boat, through the use of oarlocks. Gloves may be worn to prevent blistering for long periods of paddling.

Other types

On mechanical paddle steamers, the motorized paddling is not done with a mass of paddles or oars but by rotating one or a few paddle wheels (rather the inverse of a water mill).

Racing paddles also have special designs. They are generally less flat and are curved to catch more water which will enable racing paddlers to maximize the efficiency of their stroke.

See also

• Canoe paddle strokes
• Oar

External links

• SUP Paddle Design
• How a Paddle Works

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

• Interaction between vibration-evoked proprioceptive illusions and mirror-evoked visual illusions in an arm-matching task.

• Tsuge M, Izumizaki M, Kigawa K, Atsumi T, Homma I.SourceDepartment of Physiology, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan.
• Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale.Exp Brain Res.2012 Dec;223(4):541-51. doi: 10.1007/s00221-012-3281-7. Epub 2012 Oct 2.
• We studied the influence of false proprioceptive information generated by arm vibration and false visual information provided by a mirror in which subjects saw a reflection of another arm on perception of arm position, in a forearm position-matching task in right-handed subjects (n = 17). The mirr
• PMID 23111431

• Charge effect of foreign metal ions and the crystal growth process in hybridized metal-organic frameworks.

• Lee WR, Ryu DW, Phang WJ, Park JH, Hong CS.SourceDepartment of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Korea. cshong@korea.ac.kr.
• Chemical communications (Cambridge, England).Chem Commun (Camb).2012 Nov 14;48(88):10847-9. doi: 10.1039/c2cc35526d. Epub 2012 Sep 5.
• A paddle-wheel-type Cu metal-organic framework CuHTPO involving hydrogen bonds in the network is utilized to obtain composite systems with different metal ions of Zn(2+) and Tb(3+). The framework stability and crystal transformation are affected by the charges of foreign cations.
• PMID 22951589

• Auditory brainstem implants: how do they work?

• Vincent C.SourceDépartement d'Otologie et d'Otoneurologie, Université de Lille 2, France. christophe.vincent@chru-lille.fr.
• Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007).Anat Rec (Hoboken).2012 Nov;295(11):1981-6. doi: 10.1002/ar.22588. Epub 2012 Oct 8.
• This review covers the design, structure, and function of auditory brainstem implants. Auditory brainstem implants (ABIs) are auditory prostheses initially designed to treat deafness in patients with neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2). NF2 typically results in deafness due to disruption of the cochlear
• PMID 23044901

• Pectoral muscle flap with v-y skin paddle for covering sternal defects.

• Molitor M, Simek M, Lonský V, Kaláb M, Veselý J, Zálešák B.SourceDepartment of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, University Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic. Electronic address: martin.molitor@seznam.cz.
• The Annals of thoracic surgery.Ann Thorac Surg.2012 Nov;94(5):e131-3. doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2012.08.017.
• Deep sternal wound infection (DSWI) after a cardiac operation is a rare but serious complication associated with significant morbidity and mortality. It can lead to wound dehiscence with sternal osteomyelitis and both bony and soft tissue residual defects. When the infection is eradicated, reconstru
• PMID 23098990

Japanese Journal

• バテてもめげないBAT(充電式電池),サッパリわからんSAP(太陽電池) (「すざく」10周年記念特集(3))

• 天文月報 = The astronomical herald 109(1), 14-20, 2016-01
• NAID 40020687722

• 準天頂衛星初号機(みちびき)姿勢外乱の最適化

• 宇宙科学技術連合講演会講演集 59, 5p, 2015-10-07
• NAID 40020618995

• DESTINY用薄膜軽量太陽電池パドルの開発

• 宇宙科学技術連合講演会講演集 59, 5p, 2015-10-07
• NAID 40020618791

• 施工 パドルスクリューを装備した矩形断面シールドによる送水管整備

• トンネルと地下 : 日本トンネル技術協会誌 46(4), 263-269, 2015-04
• NAID 40020524005

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