overburden

　 　 　 　

WordNet

1. load with excessive weight
2. the surface soil that must be moved away to get at coal seams and mineral deposits
3. burden with too much work or responsibility

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/06/13 16:32:53」(JST)

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Overburden in a coal mining site.

In mining, overburden (also called waste or spoil) is the material that lies above an area that lends itself to economical exploitation, such as the rock, soil, and ecosystem that lies above a coal seam or ore body. Overburden is distinct from tailings, the material that remains after economically valuable components have been extracted from the generally finely milled ore. Overburden is removed during surface mining, but is typically not contaminated with toxic components and may be used to restore an exhausted mining site to a semblance of its appearance before mining began.

A related term is interburden, meaning material that lies between two areas of economic interest, such as the material separating coal seams within strata.

Analogous uses

Overburden may also be used as a term to describe all soil and ancillary material above the bedrock horizon in a given area.

By analogy, overburden is also used to describe the soil and other material that lies above a specific geologic feature, such as a buried astrobleme, or above an unexcavated site of archeological interest.

In particle physics, the overburden of an underground laboratory may be important to shield the facility from cosmic radiation that can interfere with experiments.

In arboriculture, the word is also used for the soil over the top of the roots of a tree collected from the wild. It can denote decades of fallen needles, leaves, and other materials that fall over the top of a tree's roots in the wild.

See also

• Gangue
• Spoil tip

Notes

References

• Bates, R.L., and Jackson, J.A., (1987) Glossary of geology American Geological Institute, Alexandria, Virginia.
• Haering, K. C.; Daniels W. L. and Roberts J. A. (1993) "Changes in mine soil properties resulting from overburden weathering" Journal of environmental quality 22(1): pp. 194–200.
• McFee, W.W.; Byrnes, W.R. and Stockton, J.G. (1981) "Characteristics of coal mine overburden important to plant growth" Journal of environmental quality 10(3): pp. 300–308.

English Journal

• Impact of biochar amendment on enzymatic resilience properties of mine spoils.

• Jain S1, Mishra D1, Khare P2, Yadav V1, Deshmukh Y1, Meena A3.
• The Science of the total environment.Sci Total Environ.2016 Feb 15;544:410-21. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.011. Epub 2015 Dec 4.
• Soil enzymes are crucial for soil nutrient cycling function. Understanding of the factors that control their response to major disturbances such as dumping of environmentally toxic acidic waste remains limited. We evaluated the effect of dumping of overburden (OB) and their amendments using biochar,
• PMID 26657386

• Interrelationship Between Organizational and Relational Aspects and the Return-to-Work Process: A Case Study with Nursing Professionals at a Teaching Hospital in Brazil.

• Lancman S1, Barros JO2, Silva MD2, Pereira AR2, Jardim TA2.
• Journal of occupational rehabilitation.J Occup Rehabil.2016 Feb 11. [Epub ahead of print]
• Introduction The process of returning to work, especially for individuals with labor restrictions, impacts work teams and interferes with the labor reinsertion process. In this study, we aimed to understand the impact of these situations on a nursing team from both organizational and relational pers
• PMID 26868643

• Deep Impact: Effects of Mountaintop Mining on Surface Topography, Bedrock Structure, and Downstream Waters.

• Ross MR1, McGlynn BL2, Bernhardt ES1.
• Environmental science & technology.Environ Sci Technol.2016 Feb 4. [Epub ahead of print]
• Land use impacts are commonly quantified and compared using 2D maps, limiting the scale of their reported impacts to surface area estimates. Yet, nearly all land use involves disturbances below the land surface. Incorporating this third dimension into our estimates of land use impact is especially i
• PMID 26800154

• Soil quality index for evaluation of reclaimed coal mine spoil.

• Mukhopadhyay S1, Masto RE2, Yadav A3, George J1, Ram LC1, Shukla SP4.
• The Science of the total environment.Sci Total Environ.2016 Jan 15;542(Pt A):540-50. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.10.035. Epub 2015 Nov 3.
• Success in the remediation of mine spoil depends largely on the selection of appropriate tree species. The impacts of remediation on mine soil quality cannot be sufficiently assessed by individual soil properties. However, combination of soil properties into an integrated soil quality index provides
• PMID 26524272

Japanese Journal

• 施工 最小土かぶり3.6mで高速道路を横断するトンネルを分割シールドで施工 : 東関東自動車道 谷津船橋インターチェンジ

• 加藤 哲,江原 豊,宮元 克洋 [他]
• トンネルと地下 : 日本トンネル技術協会誌 45(5), 343-351, 2014-05
• NAID 40020228322

• 超重質資源の発掘(回収)技術(<特集>重質資源の発掘技術及び重質残渣の有効利用)

• 中川 裕幸
• 日本エネルギー学会誌 93(3), 160-163, 2014-03-20
• … Where the layer of overburden is relatively shallow (i.e., less than 65 m), the oil sands can be recovered through surface mining, while deeper-lying bitumen must be extracted using in-situ methods. …
• NAID 110009816864

• NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF EARTH PRESSURE BALANCED SHIELD TUNNELING ON SOIL STRESS-DEFORMATION BEHAVIOR

• AFSHANI Alireza,DOBASHI Hiroshi,KOMIYA Kazuhito,AKAGI Hirokazu
• Journal of JSCE 2(1), 224-238, 2014
• … By taking into account the three significant factors of a) advance rate of the tunnel face, b) consolidation coefficient of the soil, and c) overburden depth of the tunnel, a parametric study is conducted and a numerical experimental equation proposed for determining drained or undrained soil condition during shield tunnel advancement. …
• NAID 130004699781

• 海溝型地震動に対する防波堤の沈下抑制に関する実験的研究

• 大矢 陽介,小濱 英司,菅野 高弘,瀬戸口 修造
• 土木学会論文集Ｂ３（海洋開発） 70(2), I_930-I_935, 2014
• 　置換砂層を基礎とする防波堤を対象に，海溝型地震動によって発生する数メートルオーダーの沈下を抑制する工法について，1g場大型模型振動実験にて検討した．沈下抑制の対策工として，既設防波堤を想定し，防波堤直下地盤を改良しない矢板工法および固結工法に加えて，津波越流に対する洗掘対策として適用される腹付工を対象とした．振動実験の結果，いずれの対策工法も沈下を完全に防ぐことは難しいが，加速度振幅が小さく継続 …
• NAID 130004697409

Related Links

• overburdenの意味 - 英和辞書 - goo辞書

overburdenとは。意味や和訳。[動](他)〈人に〉（…を）持たせ［積み］すぎる((with ...))；(( 通例受身))〈人に〉（責任・仕事などを）負わせすぎる((with ...))overburdened with stressストレス過剰で.

• Overburden - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

In mining and in archaeology, overburden (also called waste or spoil) is the material that lies above an area of economic or scientific interest. In mining, it is most commonly the rock, soil, and ecosystem that lies above a coal seam or ore body.

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