WordNet

position or alignment relative to points of the compass or other specific directions
the act of orienting
a persons awareness of self with regard to position and time and place and personal relationships
an integrated set of attitudes and beliefs

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉(新しい環境などに)適応させること(すること) / 〈U〉方位測定 / 〈C〉〈U〉(新入生などへの)オリエンテーション

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 転移性乳癌の全身治療：一般原則 systemic treatment for metastatic breast cancer general principles

English Journal

Reply to Comment on "Water's Structure around Hydrophobic Solutes and the Iceberg Model"

Galamba N.AbstractIn a recent comment to our article "Water's Structure around Hydrophobic Solutes and the Iceberg Model, J. Phys. Chem. B, 2013, 117, 2153" Graziano argues that there is not a structural enhancement of water around small apolar solutes, in apparent contradiction to our conclusions. Here we reiterate that there is an enhancement of the orientational order on a subset of water molecules around small apolar solutes, as discussed in our original study, and that none of the points raised by Graziano contradicts this structural picture. In order to further clarify some of the objections posed to our conclusions we are reporting additional results for the tetrahedrality of water near methane for the full hydration shell and for the subset (~2/3) of water molecules in the first hydration layer that preserve their four nearest water neighbors. These results fully support our previous conclusions concerning the magnitude of this local structural enhancement and show that a previously unrecognized contraction of the O-O and O-H distances takes place for this water subset, similar to that observed in liquid water at 10 ºC.
The journal of physical chemistry. B.J Phys Chem B.2014 Feb 13. [Epub ahead of print]
In a recent comment to our article "Water's Structure around Hydrophobic Solutes and the Iceberg Model, J. Phys. Chem. B, 2013, 117, 2153" Graziano argues that there is not a structural enhancement of water around small apolar solutes, in apparent contradiction to our conclusions. Here we reiterate
PMID 24524595

Twinning-like lattice reorientation without a crystallographic twinning plane.

Liu BY1, Wang J2, Li B3, Lu L4, Zhang XY5, Shan ZW1, Li J6, Jia CL4, Sun J1, Ma E7.Author information 1Center for Advancing Materials Performance from the Nanoscale (CAMP-Nano) and Hysitron Applied Research Center in China (HARCC), State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.2MST-8, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.3Center for Advanced Vehicular Systems, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi 39762, USA.4International Center of Dielectric Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.5School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.61] Center for Advancing Materials Performance from the Nanoscale (CAMP-Nano) and Hysitron Applied Research Center in China (HARCC), State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China [2] Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.71] Center for Advancing Materials Performance from the Nanoscale (CAMP-Nano) and Hysitron Applied Research Center in China (HARCC), State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China [2] Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA.AbstractTwinning on the plane is a common mode of plastic deformation for hexagonal-close-packed metals. Here we report, by monitoring the deformation of submicron-sized single-crystal magnesium compressed normal to its prismatic plane with transmission electron microscopy, the reorientation of the parent lattice to a 'twin' lattice, producing an orientational relationship akin to that of the conventional twinning, but without a crystallographic mirror plane, and giving plastic strain that is not simple shear. Aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy observations reveal that the boundary between the parent lattice and the 'twin' lattice is composed predominantly of semicoherent basal/prismatic interfaces instead of the twinning plane. The migration of this boundary is dominated by the movement of these interfaces undergoing basal/prismatic transformation via local rearrangements of atoms. This newly discovered deformation mode by boundary motion mimics conventional deformation twinning but is distinct from the latter and, as such, broadens the known mechanisms of plasticity.
Nature communications.Nat Commun.2014 Feb 13;5:3297. doi: 10.1038/ncomms4297.
Twinning on the plane is a common mode of plastic deformation for hexagonal-close-packed metals. Here we report, by monitoring the deformation of submicron-sized single-crystal magnesium compressed normal to its prismatic plane with transmission electron microscopy, the reorientation of the parent l
PMID 24522756

Mosaic two-lengthscale quasicrystals.

Dotera T1, Oshiro T1, Ziherl P2.Author information 1Department of Physics, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka 577-8502, Japan.21] Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Jadranska 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia [2] Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.AbstractOver the past decade, quasicrystalline order has been observed in many soft-matter systems: in dendritic micelles, in star and tetrablock terpolymer melts and in diblock copolymer and surfactant micelles. The formation of quasicrystals from such a broad range of 'soft' macromolecular micelles suggests that they assemble by a generic mechanism rather than being dependent on the specific chemistry of each system. Indeed, micellar softness has been postulated and shown to lead to quasicrystalline order. Here we theoretically explore this link by studying two-dimensional hard disks decorated with step-like square-shoulder repulsion that mimics, for example, the soft alkyl shell around the aromatic core in dendritic micelles. We find a family of quasicrystals with 10-, 12-, 18- and 24-fold bond orientational order which originate from mosaics of equilateral and isosceles triangles formed by particles arranged core-to-core and shoulder-to-shoulder. The pair interaction responsible for these phases highlights the role of local packing geometry in generating quasicrystallinity in soft matter, complementing the principles that lead to quasicrystal formation in hard tetrahedra. Based on simple interparticle potentials, quasicrystalline mosaics may well find use in diverse applications ranging from improved image reproduction to advanced photonic materials.
Nature.Nature.2014 Feb 13;506(7487):208-11. doi: 10.1038/nature12938. Epub 2014 Feb 2.
Over the past decade, quasicrystalline order has been observed in many soft-matter systems: in dendritic micelles, in star and tetrablock terpolymer melts and in diblock copolymer and surfactant micelles. The formation of quasicrystals from such a broad range of 'soft' macromolecular micelles sugges
PMID 24487618

Japanese Journal

Imaging the oxidation effects of the Fenton reaction on phospholipids at the interface between aqueous phase and thermotropic liquid crystals(BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING)