精巣
WordNet
- any of various deciduous terrestrial orchids having fleshy tubers and flowers in erect terminal racemes
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/05/29 09:40:26」(JST)
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| Orchis |
|
| Orchis italica |
| Scientific classification |
| Kingdom: |
Plantae |
| (unranked): |
Angiosperms |
| (unranked): |
Monocots |
| Order: |
Asparagales |
| Family: |
Orchidaceae |
| Subfamily: |
Orchidoideae |
| Tribe: |
Orchideae |
| Subtribe: |
Orchidinae |
| Alliance: |
Orchis |
| Genus: |
Orchis
Tourn. ex L. 1753 |
| Type species |
Orchis militaris
L. Sp. Pl.: 943, 1753 |
| Species |
|
See text
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Orchis is a genus in the orchid family (Orchidaceae). This genus gets its name from the Ancient Greek ὄρχις orchis, meaning "testicle", from the appearance of the paired subterranean tuberoids.
This genus occurs mainly in Europe, NW Africa, and it stretches as far Tibet, Mongolia, China and Japan.
These terrestrial orchids have tubers instead of pseudobulbs. They are extremely diverse in appearance. They produce an erect stem. The inflorescence is a cylindrical to globular spike 5–15 cm long with yellow, red to purple flowers. They start flowering at the base, slowly progressing upwards, except the Monkey orchid (Orchis simia) that flowers in reverse order.
The original genus Orchis used to contain more than 1,300 names. Since it was polyphyletic, it has been divided by Pridgeon et al., into several new genera (see Reference): Ponerorchis, Schizodium, Steveniella.
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Contents
- 1 Species
- 2 Natural hybrids
- 3 Intergeneric hybrids
- 4 See also
- 5 References
- 6 External links
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Species [edit]
Orchis tridentata (three-toothed orchid) in the wilderness around Tartej, Lebanon
List of accepted names:
- Orchis adenocheilae Czernaik. (1924) (Iran)
- Orchis anatolica Boiss. (1844): Anatolian Orchis (Cyprus, Turkey, Southern Aegean Islands, Lebanon, Israel, Iran)
- Orchis anatolica subsp. anatolica
- Orchis anatolica subsp. troodi (Renz) Renz (1932).
- Orchis anthropophora (L.) All. (1785) (Western Europe to Mediterranean)
- Orchis brancifortii Biv. (1813) (Southern Italy, Sicilia, Sardinia)
- Orchis canariensis Lindl. (1835) (Canary islands)
- Orchis cazorlensis Lacaita (1930): Hunter's Orchis (Spain, Baleares)
- Orchis dinsmorei (Schlechter) H.Baumann & Dafni (Israel) (synonym of Anacamptis laxiflora (Lam.) R.M.Bateman, Pridgeon & M.W.Chase )
- Orchis fauriei Finet (1808) (Japan)
- Orchis galilaea (Bornm. & M.Schulze) Schltr. (1923) (Turkey, Lebanon, Israel)
- Orchis insularis Sommier (1895) (Italy)
- Orchis italica Poir. in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck (1798): Naked Man Orchid, Italian Orchis (Mediterranean)
- Orchis mascula (L.) L. (1755): Early Purple Orchid, Male Orchis (N. & C. Europe to Iran, Canary Islands)
- Orchis mascula subsp. acutiflora (W.D.J.Koch) Quentin (1993)
- Orchis mascula subsp. hispanica (A.Niesch. & C.Niesch.) Soó (1972) (Southern Pyrenees, Spain, Portugal, Morocco)
- Orchis mascula subsp. longibracteatoides Balayer (1986) (Eastern Pyrenees)
- Orchis mascula subsp. longicalcarata Akhalkatski, H. Baumann, R. Lorenz, Mosulishvili &R. Peter (2005) (Eastern and central Caucasus)
- Orchis mascula subsp. maghrebiana B. Baumann & H. Baumann (2005)(Morocco)
- Orchis mascula subsp. mascula (N. & C. Europe to Iran, Canary Islands)
- Orchis mascula subsp. pinetorum (Boiss. & Kotschy) E.G.Camus (1908) (Macedonia to Iran)
- Orchis mascula subsp. speciosa (Mutel) Hegi (1909) (Europe)
- Orchis mascula subsp. wanjkovii (E.Wulff) Soó in G.Keller & al. (1932) (Crimea)
- Orchis langei K. Richter: (Portugal)
- Orchis militaris L. (1753): Military Orchid (Europe to Mongolia)
- Orchis pallens L. (1771): Pale-flowered Orchid (Europe to Caucasus)
- Orchis patens Desf. (1799) (Central Mediterranean to NW. Africa)
- Orchis patens subsp. nitidifolia W.P.Teschner (1975) (Crete)
- Orchis patens subsp. patens (Central Mediterranean to NW. Africa)
- Orchis provincialis Balb. (1806): Provence Orchis (SC. & S. Europe to Caucasus, NW Africa)
- Orchis provincialis subsp. pauciflora (Ten.) E.G.Camus (1908) (S. Europe to Crimea)
- Orchis provincialis subsp. provincialis (SC. & S. Europe to Caucasus)
- Orchis provincialis var. laeta (Steinh.) Maire & Weiller in R.C.J.Maire (1959) (Algeria, Tunisia)
- Orchis punctulata Steven ex Lindl. (1835): Small-dotted Orchis (SE. Europe to W. Asia)
- Orchis purpurea Huds. (1762): Lady orchid, Purple Orchis (Europe to Caucasus, Algeria)
- Orchis quadripunctata Cirillo ex Ten. (1811): Four-spotted Orchis (Sardinia to Eastern Mediterranean)
- Orchis scopulorum Summerh. (1961): Branching Orchis (Madeira)
- Orchis sezikiana B.Baumann & H.Baumann (1991) (Crete, Cyprus, SW Turkey)
- Orchis simia Lam. (1779): Monkey Orchid (Europe to Iran, N. Africa)
- Orchis spitzelii Saut. ex W.D.J.Koch (1837): Spitzel's Orchis (Sweden (Gotland), E. Spain to Caucasus, NW. Africa)
- Orchis spitzelii subsp. latiflora B. Baumann & H. Baumann (2005) (Lebanon)
- Orchis spitzelii subsp. teschneriana B. Baumann & H. Baumann (2005) (Northern Algeria)
- Orchis tridentata R.M. Bateman, Pridgeon & M.W. Chase: Three-toothed orchid (southern Europe from Spain to Turkey and the Lebanon; northwards to the Crimea, Poland and Germany)[1][2]
- Orchis wardii W.W.Sm. (1921) (S. & E. Tibet to SC. China)
Natural hybrids [edit]
- Orchis × angusticruris Franch. in V.Humnicki (1876) (Orchis purpurea × Orchis simia) (Europe to Caucasus)
- Orchis × apollinaris W.Rossi & al. (1992) (Orchis italica × Orchis simia) (Italy)
- Orchis × bergonii Nanteuil (1887) (Orchis anthropophora × Orchis simia) (Western Mediterranean)
- Orchis × beyrichii (Rchb.f.) A.Kern. (1865) (Orchis militaris × Orchis simia) (Europe to Turkey)
- Orchis × bivonae Tod. (1840)(Orchis anthropophora × Orchis italica) (Southern Europe)
- Orchis × blidana B.Baumann & H.Baumann (1980) (Orchis laeta × Orchis mascula subsp. olbiensis) (NW Africa)
- Orchis × calliantha Renz & Taubenheim 1983 (Orchis punctulata × Orchis simia) (Turkey)
- Orchis × clandestina Hautz. (1978) (Orchis patens × Orchis provincialis) (NW Italy)
- Orchis × colemanii Cortesi 1907 (Orchis mascula × Orchis provincialis subsp. pauciflora) (Italy)
- Orchis × fitzii Hautz. (1980 publ. 1983) (Orchis anatolica × Orchis mascula) (Turkey)
- Orchis × golestanica Renz (1978) (Orchis adenocheilae × Orchis simia) (Iran)
- Orchis × hybrida (Lindl.) Boenn. ex Rchb. (1830) (Orchis militaris × Orchis purpurea) (Europe)
- Orchis × klopfensteiniae P.Delforge (1985) (Orchis pallens × Orchis spitzelii) (SW Europe)
- Orchis × ligustica Ruppert. (1933) (Orchis mascula × Orchis patens) (Mediterranean)
- Orchis × loreziana Brügger (1874) (Orchis mascula × Orchis pallens) (Europe)
- Orchis × loreziana nothosubsp. kisslingii (Beck) Potucek (1976) (Orchis mascula subsp. speciosa × Orchis pallens) (Eastern Europe)
- Orchis × loreziana nothosubsp. loreziana (Orchis mascula × Orchis pallens) (Central Europe)
- Orchis × macra Lindl. (1835) (Orchis anthropophora × Orchis purpurea) (Europe)
- Orchis × permixta Soó (1932) (Orchis mascula subsp. signifera × Orchis pallens × Orchis provincialis) (Crimea)
- Orchis × petterssonii G.Keller ex Pett. (1947) (Orchis mascula × Orchis spitzelii) (Europe, NW Africa)
- Orchis × plessidiaca Renz (1928) (Orchis pallens × Orchis provincialis) (SE Europe to Krim)
- Orchis × pseudoanatolica H.Fleischm. (1914) (Orchis provincialis subsp. pauciflora × Orchis quadripunctata) (SE Europe)
- Orchis × pseudoanatolica nothosubsp. buelii (Wildh.) ined. (Orchis provincialis × Orchis quadripunctata) (SE Europe)
- Orchis × pseudoanatolica nothosubsp. pseudoanatolica (Orchis provincialis subsp. pauciflora × Orchis quadripunctata) (SE Europe)
- Orchis × razzarae Galesi (2005) (Orchis lactea Poir. × Orchis italica Poir.) (Sicilia)
- Orchis × sardoa (Scrugli & M.P.Grasso) Scrugli, A.Musacchio, D'Emerico, Pellegrino & Cozzolino (2004, publ. 2005)
- Orchis × spuria Rchb.f. (1849) (Orchis anthropophora × Orchis militaris) (Europe)
- Orchis × subpatens E.G.Camus in E.G.Camus & A.A.Camus (1928) (Orchis patens × Orchis provincialis) (S. Europe)
- Orchis × tingitania Hautz. (1976) (Orchis provincialis × Orchis spitzelii) (Western Mediterranean)
- Orchis × tochniana Kreutz & Scraton (2002) (Orchis italica × Orchis punctulata) (Cyprus)
- Orchis × wulffiana Soó (1932) (Orchis punctulata × Orchis purpurea) (Crimea to caucasus)
Intergeneric hybrids [edit]
- Orchiophrys (Ophrys x Orchis)
- Orchiserapias (Orchis x Serapias)
See also [edit]
- Salep
- Italian Group for Research on Wild Orchid
References [edit]
- ^ Encyclopedia of Life. "Neotinea tridentata (Scop.) R.M. Bateman, Pridgeon & M.W. Chase - Encyclopedia of Life". Retrieved 2009-09-24.
- ^ National Museums and Galleries of Northern Ireland (2004). "Orchis tridentata". ORCHIDS OF EUROPE WEB SITE. Retrieved 2009-09-24.
- Pridgeon, A.M., R.M. Bateman, A.V. Cox, J.R. Hapeman and M.W. Chase (1997). "Phylogenetics of subtribe Orchidinae (Orchidoideae, Orchidaceae) based on nuclear ITS sequences. 1. Intergeneric relationships and polyphyly of Orchis sensu lato". Lindleyana 12 (2): 89–109.
- Bateman, R.M., Pridgeon, A.M., Chase, M.W.. (1997). ""Phylogenetics of subtribe Orchidinae (Orchidoideae, Orchidaceae) based on nuclear ITS sequences. 2. Infrageneric relationships and reclassification to achieve monophyly of Orchis sensu stricto"". Lindleyana 12: 113–141.
- Wucherpfennig, W. (1999). "Gedanken zu einer Neuordnung der Gattung Orchis L.". Nachtrag. Jour. Eur. Orch. 31: 329–346. (in German)
- Aceto S, Caputo P, Cozzolino S, Gaudio L, Moretti A. (1999). "Phylogeny and evolution of Orchis and allied genera based on ITS DNA variation: morphological gaps and molecular continuity". Molec. Phylogenet. Evol. 13 (1): 67–76. doi:10.1006/mpev.1999.0628. PMID 10508540.
External links [edit]
English Journal
- Estrogen receptor alpha localization in the testes of men with normal spermatogenesis.
- Filipiak E, Suliborska D, Laszczynska M, Walczak-Jedrzejowska R, Oszukowska E, Marchlewska K, Kula K, Slowikowska-Hilczer J.SourceDepartment of Reproductive Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Poland.
- Folia histochemica et cytobiologica / Polish Academy of Sciences, Polish Histochemical and Cytochemical Society.Folia Histochem Cytobiol.2013 Oct 8;50(3):340-5. doi: 10.5603/19743.
- It is known that estrogens act on the male reproductive tract by binding to estrogen receptors (ER) α and β. However, studies on ER localization in the human testis are discordant. The aim of this study was to investigate the localization of ERα in the testes of adult men with normal spermatogene
- PMID 23042285
- The nuclear import factor importin α4 can protect against oxidative stress.
- Young JC, Ly-Huynh JD, Lescesen H, Miyamoto Y, Browne C, Yoneda Y, Koopman P, Loveland KL, Jans DA.SourceDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Australia.
- Biochimica et biophysica acta.Biochim Biophys Acta.2013 Oct;1833(10):2348-56. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.06.007. Epub 2013 Jun 14.
- The importin (IMP) superfamily of nuclear transport proteins is essential to key developmental pathways, including in the murine testis where expression of the 6 distinct IMPα proteins is highly dynamic. Present predominantly from the spermatocyte stage onwards, IMPα4 is unique in showing a striki
- PMID 23773962
- The cancer-testis antigen BORIS phenocopies the tumor suppressor CTCF in normal and neoplastic cells.
- Tiffen JC, Bailey CG, Marshall AD, Metierre C, Feng Y, Wang Q, Watson SL, Holst J, Rasko JE.SourceGene and Stem Cell Therapy Program, Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia.
- International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer.Int J Cancer.2013 Oct 1;133(7):1603-13. doi: 10.1002/ijc.28184. Epub 2013 May 2.
- BORIS and CTCF are paralogous, multivalent 11-zinc finger transcription factors that play important roles in organizing higher-order chromatin architecture. BORIS is a cancer-testis antigen with a poorly defined function in cancer, although it has been hypothesized to exhibit oncogenic properties. C
- PMID 23553099
Related Links
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Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- testicle, orchis
- ラ
- testis (Z), testes
- 同
- 睾丸
- 関
- 外生殖器
血管
リンパ
精巣を覆う構造
臨床関連
=位置の異常
[★]
肝吸虫、オピストルキス、肝吸虫属、オピストルキス属、Opisthorchis属
- 関
- Clonorchis sinensis、liver fluke、Opisthorchis felineus、Opisthorchis viverrini
[★]
タイ肝吸虫
- 関
- Clonorchis sinensis、Opisthorchis、Opisthorchis felineus
[★]
- ラ
- Opisthorchis
- 関
- オピストルキス、肝吸虫、オピストルキス属、肝吸虫属
[★]
ネコ肝吸虫
- 関
- Clonorchis sinensis、Opisthorchis、Opisthorchis viverrini