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"Ophthalmitis" redirects here. For the genus of geometer moth, see Ophthalmitis (moth).
Ophthalmia (also called ophthalmitis) is inflammation of the eye. It is a medical sign which may be indicative of various conditions, including sympathetic ophthalmia (inflammation of both eyes following trauma to one eye), gonococcal ophthalmia, trachoma or "Egyptian" ophthalmia, ophthalmia neonatorum (a conjunctivitis of the newborn due to either of the two previous pathogens), photophthalmia and actinic conjunctivitis (inflammation resulting from prolonged exposure to ultraviolet rays), and others.
Noted historical sufferers
- Aristodemus, a Spartan captain during the Second Persian invasion of Greece, was afflicted with ophthalmia and was thus unable to fight at the Battle of Thermopylae (of the famous Spartan 300.) However, he fought bravely and died at the Battle of Plataea. Due to the ophthalmia, and his absence from the first battle, he was not buried with proper funeral rights of a Spartan Captain.[1]
- Cicero, on the 1st of March 49BCE wrote to Atticus that he was suffering from ophthalmia [2]
- Eratosthenes, who among other things was a Greek geographer and mathematician, contracted ophthalmia as he aged, becoming blind around 195 BC, depressing him and causing him to voluntarily starve himself to death. He died in 194 BC at the age of 82.[3]
- Hannibal's sight was lost in his right eye in 217 B.C. by what was likely ophthalmia. He lost the sight while crossing a swamp area on a four-day march through water early in his Italian campaign.
- Citing Galatians 4:13-15 and 6:11, Restoration Movement scholar J. W. McGarvey theorized that ophthalmia may have very well been the Apostle Paul's "thorn in the flesh" (2 Cor. 12:7).[4]
- King John of Bohemia, who died in battle in 1346 at age 50 after being blind for a decade, lost his sight to this general condition.
- Christopher Columbus suffered ophthalmitis late in his life. Ophthalmitis was a common disease of sailors, possibly related to scurvy or poor nutrition. In the book "Negro Builders and Heroes" by Benjamin Brawley, in the chapter entitled "The Wake of the Slave-Ship", is a description of this condition afflicting, on slave ships, sometimes the whole crew and captive slaves.
- Elizabeth Blackwell, the first female physician in the United States, lost an eye from purulent ophthalmia contracted from an infant with an eye infection, while working in Paris at La Maternité (1849), and after loss of the eye could no longer be a surgeon.
- The Spanish composer and guitar virtuoso Francisco Tárrega also suffered from ophthalmia and seriously impaired sight after a traumatic childhood event (1850s).
- Richard Henry Dana, Jr., author of the American classic, Two Years Before the Mast (1840), developed "a weakness of the eyes" after contracting measles while a junior at Harvard College. In an attempt to cure his condition, he undertook a two-year sailing voyage to California from Boston via Cape Horn, which provided the experiences for his memoir. The cure worked.
- Edward Rushton, 18th Century blind poet and slavery abolitionist, who founded the first blind school in the UK in 1776. He is believed to have caught ophthalmia while compassionately feeding slaves who had been isolated for it. [5]
Notes
- ^ Mackenzie, C. (2010). Marathon & salamis. (p. 146). Yardley, PA: Westholme Publishing.
- ^ Letters to Atticus VIII.I3.
- ^ Bailey, Ellen. "Eratosthenes of Cyrene." Eratosthenes Of Cyrene (January 2006): 1–3.
- ^ J. W. McGarvey and P. Y. Pendleton, Thessalonians, Corinthians, Galatians, and Romans (Cincinnati, OH: Standard Publishing, n.d.) 236.
- ^ Kathleen Hawkins, BBC News Blog http://www.bbc.com/news/blogs-ouch-29957645
UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Endophthalmitis After Intravitreal Injections: Incidence, Presentation, Management, and Visual Outcome.
- Dossarps D1, Bron AM2, Koehrer P1, Aho-Glélé LS3, Creuzot-Garcher C4; FRCR net (FRenCh Retina specialists net); FRCR net FRenCh Retina specialists net.
- American journal of ophthalmology.Am J Ophthalmol.2015 Jul;160(1):17-25.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2015.04.013. Epub 2015 Apr 16.
- PURPOSE: To report the incidence and characteristics of endophthalmitis after intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents or corticosteroids and to describe the clinical and bacteriologic characteristics, management, and outcome of these eyes with acute endophthalmitis
- PMID 25892127
- DNA extraction methods for panbacterial and panfungal PCR detection in intraocular fluids.
- Mazoteras P1, Bispo PJ, Höfling-Lima AL, Casaroli-Marano RP.
- Current eye research.Curr Eye Res.2015 Jul;40(7):697-706. doi: 10.3109/02713683.2014.957327. Epub 2014 Oct 6.
- PURPOSE: Three different methods of DNA extraction from intraocular fluids were compared with subsequent detection for bacterial and fungal DNA by universal PCR amplification.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Three DNA extraction methods, from aqueous and vitreous humors, were evaluated to compare their relativ
- PMID 25285466
Japanese Journal
- ルベオーシスを合併した内因性真菌性眼内炎に対し両眼の硝子体手術を施行した1症例
- 董 震宇,村松 昌裕,中村 佳代子 [他],福原 淳一,横井 匡彦,田川 義継
- あたらしい眼科 = Journal of the eye 26(11), 1549-1552, 2009-11-30
- NAID 10026923526
- 安田 満
- 日本性感染症学会誌 = Japanese archives of sexually transmitted diseases 19(1), 43-49, 2008-06-30
- NAID 10027048221
Related Links
- Sympathetic Ophthalmia is a bilateral, granulomatous uveitis that occurs after trauma to the eye. The disease is vision-threatening and many patients still end up with significant vision loss especially if treatment is not instituted ...
- Ophthalmitis information including symptoms, diagnosis, misdiagnosis, treatment, causes, patient stories, videos, forums, prevention, and prognosis. ... Eye pain Eye swelling Vision disturbance Eye inflammation Red eye more ...
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