- 関
- olfactory nerve
WordNet
- involving or derived from the senses; "sensory experience"; "sensory channels" (同)sensorial
- of or relating to olfaction (同)olfactive
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 感覚の
- 嗅覚(きゅうかく)の / 嗅覚器官,鼻
- (光・温度・放射能などの)感知器
- 神経単位,神経細胞,ニューロン,ノイロン
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2015/07/05 07:25:53」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
Olfactory receptor neuron |
Labels in German. "Zellen" = "cell","riech" = "smell", "Riechnerv" = olfactory nerve, "cillien" = cilia.
|
Details |
Location |
olfactory epithelium in the nose |
Morphology |
Bipolar sensory receptor |
Function |
Detect traces of chemicals in inhaled air (sense of smell) |
Neurotransmitter |
Glutamate[1] |
Presynaptic connections |
None |
Postsynaptic connections |
Olfactory bulb |
Identifiers |
Gray's |
p.996 |
Code |
TH H3.11.07.0.01003 |
NeuroLex ID |
Olfactory receptor neuron |
Anatomical terminology |
Plan of olfactory neurons.
An olfactory receptor neuron (ORN), also called an olfactory sensory neuron (OSN), is a transduction cell within the olfactory system.[2]
Contents
- 1 Vertebrates
- 1.1 Structure
- 1.2 Function
- 2 Insects
- 3 See also
- 4 References
- 5 External links
Vertebrates
Humans have about 40 million olfactory receptor neurons that detect more than one trillion different odors.[3] In vertebrates, ORNs are bipolar neurons with dendrites facing the inferior space of the nasal cavity and an axon that passes through the cribiform plate then travels along the olfactory nerve to the olfactory bulb. The ORNs are located in the olfactory epithelium in the nasal cavity. The cell bodies of the ORNs are distributed among all three of the stratified layers of the olfactory epithelium.[4]
Structure
Many tiny hair-like cilia protrude from the olfactory receptor cell's dendrite into the mucus covering the surface of the olfactory epithelium. The surface of these cilia is covered with olfactory receptors, a type of G protein-coupled receptor. Each olfactory receptor cell expresses only one type of olfactory receptor (OR), but many separate olfactory receptor cells express ORs which bind the same set of odors. The axons of olfactory receptor cells which express the same OR converge to form glomeruli in the olfactory bulb.[citation needed]
Function
ORs, which are located on the membranes of the cilia have been classified as a complex type of ligand-gated metabotropic channels.[5] There are approximately 1000 different genes that code for the ORs, making them the largest gene family. An odorant will dissolve into the mucus of the olfactory epithelium and then bind to an OR. ORs can bind to a variety of odor molecules, with varying affinities. The difference in affinities causes differences in activation patterns resulting in unique odorant profiles.[6][7] The activated OR in turn activates the intracellular G-protein, GOLF (GNAL), adenylate cyclase and production of cyclic AMP (cAMP) opens ion channels in the cell membrane, resulting in an influx of sodium and calcium ions into the cell, and an efflux of chloride ions. This influx of positive ions and efflux of negative ions causes the neuron to depolarize, generating an action potential.
Insects
In insects, olfactory receptor neurons typically reside on the antenna. Much like in vertebrates, axons from the sensory neurons converge into glomeruli in the antennal lobe.[citation needed]
See also
- Chemoreceptor
- Sensory receptor
References
- ^ Berkowicz, D. A.; Trombley, P. Q.; Shepherd, G. M. (1994). "Evidence for glutamate as the olfactory receptor cell neurotransmitter". Journal of neurophysiology 71 (6): 2557–61. PMID 7931535.
- ^ Vermeulen, A; Rospars, J. P. (1998). "Dendritic integration in olfactory sensory neurons: A steady-state analysis of how the neuron structure and neuron environment influence the coding of odor intensity". Journal of computational neuroscience 5 (3): 243–66. PMID 9663551.
- ^ Bushdid, C.; Magnasco, M. O.; Vosshall, L. B.; Keller, A. (2014). "Humans Can Discriminate More than 1 Trillion Olfactory Stimuli". Science 343 (6177). Bibcode:2014Sci...343.1370B. doi:10.1126/science.1249168. PMID 24653035.
- ^ Cunningham, A.M.; Manis, P.B.; Reed, R.R.; Ronnett, G.V. (1999). "Olfactory receptor neurons exist as distinct subclasses of immature and mature cells in primary culture". Neuroscience 93 (4). doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(99)00193-1. PMID 10501454.
- ^ Touhara, Kazushige (2009). "Insect Olfactory Receptor Complex Functions as a Ligand-gated Ionotropic Channel". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1170: 177–80. Bibcode:2009NYASA1170..177T. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.03935.x. PMID 19686133.
- ^ Bieri, S.; Monastyrskaia, K; Schilling, B (2004). "Olfactory Receptor Neuron Profiling using Sandalwood Odorants". Chemical Senses 29 (6): 483–7. doi:10.1093/chemse/bjh050. PMID 15269120.
- ^ Fan, Jinhong; Ngai, John (2001). "Onset of Odorant Receptor Gene Expression during Olfactory Sensory Neuron Regeneration". Developmental Biology 229 (1): 119–27. doi:10.1006/dbio.2000.9972. PMID 11133158.
External links
|
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Olfactory receptor neurons. |
- NIF Search - Olfactory receptor neuron via the Neuroscience Information Framework
- Insect olfaction
Anatomy of smell
|
|
Microanatomy |
- Epithelium
- Sustentacular cell
|
|
Olfactory nerve: 1° neuron |
- Olfactory receptor neurons (Olfactory receptor) → Olfactory bulb (Glomeruli)
|
|
Olfactory nerve: 2° neuron |
- Mitral cells → Olfactory tract → Olfactory trigone
|
|
Lateral olfactory stria/
Primary olfactory cortex |
- Piriform cortex
- EC-hippocampus system
- Entorhinal cortex
- Hippocampal formation
- Prepyriform area
- Periamygdaloid cortex
|
|
- Stria medullaris → Habenular nuclei
|
|
- Amygdala → Stria terminalis → Hypothalamus
|
|
- Medial forebrain bundle → Hypothalamus
|
|
|
Medial olfactory stria |
- Anterior olfactory nucleus
|
|
Index of smell
|
|
Description |
|
|
Disease |
|
|
Treatment |
|
|
|
UpToDate Contents
全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.
English Journal
- Synaptic circuitry of identified neurons in the antennal lobe of Drosophila melanogaster.
- Rybak J1, Talarico G1, Ruiz S2, Arnold C1, Cantera R2,3, Hansson BS1.
- The Journal of comparative neurology.J Comp Neurol.2016 Jun 15;524(9):1920-56. doi: 10.1002/cne.23966. Epub 2016 Mar 9.
- In Drosophila melanogaster olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) establish synapses with projection neurons (PNs) and local interneurons within antennal lobe (AL) glomeruli. Substantial knowledge regarding this circuitry has been obtained by functional studies, whereas ultrastructural evidence of synapti
- PMID 26780543
- The anatomical basis for modulatory convergence in the antennal lobe of Manduca sexta.
- Lizbinski KM1, Metheny JD1,2, Bradley SP1, Kesari A1, Dacks AM1.
- The Journal of comparative neurology.J Comp Neurol.2016 Jun 15;524(9):1859-75. doi: 10.1002/cne.23926. Epub 2015 Dec 29.
- The release of neuromodulators by widely projecting neurons often allows sensory systems to alter how they process information based on the physiological state of an animal. Neuromodulators alter network function by changing the biophysical properties of individual neurons and the synaptic efficacy
- PMID 26560074
- Direct nuclear magnetic resonance observation of odorant binding to mouse odorant receptor MOR244-3.
- Burger JL1, Jeerage KM2, Bruno TJ2.
- Analytical biochemistry.Anal Biochem.2016 Jun 1;502:64-72. doi: 10.1016/j.ab.2016.03.006. Epub 2016 Mar 24.
- Mammals are able to perceive and differentiate a great number of structurally diverse odorants through the odorant's interaction with odorant receptors (ORs), proteins found within the cell membrane of olfactory sensory neurons. The natural gas industry has used human olfactory sensitivity to sulfur
- PMID 27019154
Japanese Journal
- 嗅覚系におけるCO₂センシングの分子機構 (特集 バイオセンサ)
- 講演 遺伝子からみた匂いの感覚 (小特集 第15回アロマ・サイエンス・フォーラム2014 遺伝子は香り・匂いをどこまで操ることができるか(1))
- Aroma research = アロマリサーチ : journal of aroma science technology and safety 16(2), 172-175, 2015
- NAID 40020499470
- Co-localization of TRPV2 and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Ⅰ Receptor in Olfactory Neurons in Adult and Fetal Mouse
Related Links
- 1. J Comp Neurol. 2008 Mar 1;507(1):1076-86. Olfactory sensory neuron-specific and sexually dimorphic expression of protocadherin 20. Lee W(1), Cheng TW, Gong Q. Author information: (1)Department of Cell Biology and ...
- 1. Neuron. 2014 Aug 20;83(4):823-38. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2014.07.013. Epub 2014 Aug 7. Dnmt3a regulates global gene expression in olfactory sensory neurons and enables odorant-induced transcription. Colquitt BM(1 ...
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- olfactory nerve、olfactory sensory neuron
- 関
- 嗅神経、嗅覚ニューロン
[★]
- 英
- olfactory sensory neuron
- 関
- 嗅覚神経
[★]
- 関
- nerve、nervi、nervous、nervus、neural、neuron
[★]
- 関
- sensation、sense、sensing
[★]
- 関
- olfaction
[★]