WordNet
- a cellular structure that is postulated to exist in order to mediate between a chemical agent that acts on nervous tissue and the physiological response
- of or relating to olfaction (同)olfactive
PrepTutorEJDIC
- =sense organ / 受信装置
- 嗅覚(きゅうかく)の / 嗅覚器官,鼻
- 神経単位,神経細胞,ニューロン,ノイロン
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/03/16 14:43:11」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
| Neuron: Olfactory receptor neuron |
Labels in German. "Zellen" = "cell","riech" = "smell", "Riechnerv" = olfactory nerve, "cillien" = cilia.
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| Location |
olfactory epithelium in the nose |
| Function |
Detect traces of chemicals in inhaled air (sense of smell) |
| Neurotransmitter |
Glutamate |
| Morphology |
Bipolar sensory receptor |
| Presynaptic connections |
None |
| Postsynaptic connections |
Olfactory bulb |
| Gray's |
p.996 |
| NeuroLex ID |
nifext_116 |
| Code |
TH H3.11.07.0.01003 |
Plan of olfactory neurons.
An olfactory receptor neuron (ORN), also called an olfactory sensory neuron (OSN), is a transduction cell within the olfactory system.[1]
Contents
- 1 Vertebrates
- 1.1 Structure
- 1.2 Function
- 2 Insects
- 3 See also
- 4 References
- 5 External links
Vertebrates[edit]
Humans have about 40 million olfactory receptor neurons that detect up to 10,000 different odors. In vertebrates, ORNs are bipolar neurons with dendrites facing the inferior space of the nasal cavity and an axon that passes through the cribiform plate then travels along the olfactory nerve to the olfactory bulb. The ORNs are located in the olfactory epithelium in the nasal cavity. The cell bodies of the ORNs are distributed among all three of the stratified layers of the olfactory epithelium.[2]
Structure[edit]
Many tiny hair-like cilia protrude from the olfactory receptor cell's dendrite into the mucus covering the surface of the olfactory epithelium. The surface of these cilia is covered with olfactory receptors, a type of G protein-coupled receptor. Each olfactory receptor cell expresses only one type of olfactory receptor (OR), but many separate olfactory receptor cells express ORs which bind the same set of odors. The axons of olfactory receptor cells which express the same OR converge to form glomeruli in the olfactory bulb.
Function[edit]
ORs, which are located on the membranes of the cilia have been classified as a complex type of ligand-gated metabotropic channels.[3] There are approximately 1000 different genes that code for the ORs, making them the largest gene family. An odorant will dissolve into the mucus of the olfactory epithelium and then bind to an OR. ORs can bind to a variety of odor molecules, with varying affinities. The difference in affinities causes differences in activation patterns resulting in unique odorant profiles.[4][5] The activated OR in turn activates the intracellular G-protein, GOLF (GNAL), adenylate cyclase and production of cyclic AMP (cAMP) opens ion channels in the cell membrane, resulting in an influx of sodium and calcium ions into the cell, and an efflux of chloride ions. This influx of positive ions and efflux of negative ions causes the neuron to depolarize, generating an action potential.
Insects[edit]
In insects, olfactory receptor neurons typically reside on the antenna. Much like in vertebrates, axons from the sensory neurons converge into glomeruli in the antennal lobe.
See also[edit]
- Chemoreceptor
- Sensory receptor
References[edit]
- ^ J. Rospars, (1998) Dendritic integration in olfactory sensory neurons: a steady-state analysis of how the neuron structure and neuron environment influence the coding of odor intensity. J Comput Neurosci. 5: 243-266. PMID 9663551
- ^ A. Cunningham, P. Manis, P. Reed, G. Ronnett, (1999) Olfactory receptor neurons exist as distinct subclasses of immature and mature cells in primary culture. Neuroscience 93(4): 1301-1312. PMID 10501454
- ^ K. Touhara, (2009) Insect olfactory receptor complex functions as a ligand-gated ionotropic channel 1170 International Symposium on Olfaction and Taste: Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 177-180 PMID 19686133
- ^ S. Bieri, K. Monastyrskaia, B. Schilling, (2004) Olfactory receptor neuron profiling using sandalwood odorants. Chem. Senses 29:483-487 PMID 15269120
- ^ J. Fan and J. Ngai, (2001) Onset of odorant receptor gene expression during olfactory sensory neuron regeneration. Dev Biol. 229: 119-127 PMID 11133158
External links[edit]
- olfactory+receptor+cells at eMedicine Dictionary
- NIF Search - Olfactory receptor neuron via the Neuroscience Information Framework
- [1] Insect olfaction
|
Sensory system: Olfactory system / Olfaction / Rhinencephalon (TA 15.1, GA 10.992)
|
|
| Olfactory epithelium |
- Olfactory glands
- Olfactory mucosa
- Sustentacular cell
|
|
| Olfactory nerve: 1° neuron |
- Olfactory receptor neurons (Olfactory receptor) → Olfactory bulb (Glomeruli)
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|
| Olfactory nerve: 2° neuron |
- Mitral cells → Olfactory tract → Olfactory trigone
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Lateral olfactory stria/
Primary olfactory cortex |
- Piriform cortex
- EC-hippocampus system
- Entorhinal cortex
- Hippocampal formation
- Prepyriform area
- Periamygdaloid cortex
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|
- Stria medullaris → Habenular nuclei
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- Amygdala → Stria terminalis → Hypothalamus
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- Medial forebrain bundle → Hypothalamus
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|
|
| Medial olfactory stria |
- Anterior olfactory nucleus
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|
|
|
|
|
Histology: nervous tissue (TA A14, GA 9.849, TH H2.00.06, H3.11)
|
|
| CNS |
| General |
- Grey matter
- White matter
- Projection fibers
- Association fiber
- Commissural fiber
- Lemniscus
- Funiculus
- Fasciculus
- Decussation
- Commissure
- meninges
|
|
| Neuroglia |
| insulating: |
- Myelination: Oligodendrocyte
|
|
| other |
- Astrocyte
- Ependymal cells
- Microglia
|
|
|
| Other |
- Pyramidal
- Purkinje
- Granule
- Neuropil
|
|
|
| PNS |
| General |
- Posterior
- Anterior
- Ramus communicans
- Autonomic ganglion (Preganglionic nerve fibers
- Postganglionic nerve fibers)
|
|
| Connective tissues |
- epineurium
- perineurium
- endoneurium
- nerve fascicle
|
|
| Neuroglia |
- Myelination: Schwann cell
- Neurolemma
- Myelin incisure
- Myelin sheath gap
- Internodal segment
- Satellite glial cell
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|
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Neurons/
nerve fibers |
| Parts |
| Perikaryon |
|
|
| Axon |
- Axon terminals
- Axoplasm
- Axolemma
- Neurofibril/neurofilament
|
|
| Dendrite |
-
- Nissl body
- Dendritic spine
- Apical dendrite/Basal dendrite
|
|
|
| Types |
- Bipolar
- Unipolar
- Pseudounipolar
- Multipolar
- Interneuron
|
|
Afferent nerve fiber/
Sensory nerve |
- GSA
- GVA
- SSA
- SVA
- fibers
- Ia
- Ib or Golgi
- II or Aβ
- III or Aδ or fast pain
- IV or C or slow pain
|
|
Efferent nerve fiber/
Motor nerve |
- GSE
- GVE
- SVE
- Upper motor neuron
- Lower motor neuron
- α motorneuron
- β motorneuron
- γ motorneuron
|
|
|
| Termination |
| Synapse |
- Electrical synapse/Gap junction
- Chemical synapse
- Synaptic vesicle
- Active zone
- Postsynaptic density
- Ribbon synapse
- Neuromuscular junction
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|
| Sensory receptors |
- Meissner's corpuscle
- Merkel nerve ending
- Pacinian corpuscle
- Ruffini ending
- Muscle spindle
- Free nerve ending
- Olfactory receptor neuron
- Photoreceptor cell
- Hair cell
- Taste bud
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|
|
|
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anat (n/s/m/p/4/e/b/d/c/a/f/l/g)/phys/devp
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noco (m/d/e/h/v/s)/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr
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proc, drug (N1A/2AB/C/3/4/7A/B/C/D)
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|
|
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anat (h/r/t/c/b/l/s/a)/phys (r)/devp/prot/nttr/nttm/ntrp
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noco/auto/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr
|
|
|
|
|
UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Cathepsin S contributes to microglia-mediated olfactory dysfunction through the regulation of Cx3cl1-Cx3cr1 axis in a Niemann-Pick disease type C1 model.
- Seo Y1,2,3, Kim HS1,2,3, Kang I1,4, Choi SW1,4, Shin TH1,4, Shin JH1,4, Lee BC1,4, Lee JY1,4, Kim JJ1, Kook MG1,4, Kang KS5,6.
- Glia.Glia.2016 Dec;64(12):2291-2305. doi: 10.1002/glia.23077. Epub 2016 Sep 30.
- Microglia can aggravate olfactory dysfunction by mediating neuronal death in the olfactory bulb (OB) of a murine model of Niemann-Pick disease type C1 (NPC1), a fatal neurodegenerative disorder accompanied by lipid trafficking defects. In this study, we focused on the crosstalk between neurons and m
- PMID 27687148
- Anatomical and ultrastructural study of PRAF2 expression in the mouse central nervous system.
- Cifuentes-Diaz C1, Marullo S2, Doly S3.
- Brain structure & function.Brain Struct Funct.2016 Nov;221(8):4169-4185. Epub 2015 Dec 8.
- Prenylated Rab acceptor family, member 2 (PRAF2) is a four transmembrane domain protein of 19 kDa that is highly expressed in particular areas of mammalian brains. PRAF2 is mostly found in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of neurons where it plays the role of gatekeeper for the GB1 subunit of the GAB
- PMID 26645984
- Chronic mild stress accelerates the progression of Parkinson's disease in A53T α-synuclein transgenic mice.
- Wu Q1, Yang X1, Zhang Y1, Zhang L1, Feng L2.
- Experimental neurology.Exp Neurol.2016 Nov;285(Pt A):61-71. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.09.004. Epub 2016 Sep 13.
- Daily stress is associated with increased risk for various diseases, and numerous studies have provided evidence that environmental stress leads to deleterious effects on the central nervous system. However, it remains unclear whether chronic stress exacerbates the progression of Parkinson's disease
- PMID 27637804
Japanese Journal
- 嗅覚系におけるCO₂センシングの分子機構 (特集 バイオセンサ)
- 講演 遺伝子からみた匂いの感覚 (小特集 第15回アロマ・サイエンス・フォーラム2014 遺伝子は香り・匂いをどこまで操ることができるか(1))
- 廣田 順二
- Aroma research = アロマリサーチ : journal of aroma science technology and safety 16(2), 172-175, 2015
- NAID 40020499470
- Co-localization of TRPV2 and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Ⅰ Receptor in Olfactory Neurons in Adult and Fetal Mouse
- Matsui Hitoshi,Noguchi Tomohiro,Takakusaki Kaoru [他]
- Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin 37(12), 1907-1912, 2014-12
- NAID 40020277783
Related Links
- An olfactory receptor neuron (ORN), also called an olfactory sensory neuron ( OSN), is a transduction cell within the olfactory system. Contents. 1 Vertebrates. 1.1 Structure; 1.2 Function. 2 Insects; 3 References; 4 See also; 5 External links ...
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- olfactory receptor neuron
[★]
- 関
- nerve、nervi、nervous、nervus、neural、neuron
[★]
- 関
- olfaction
