WordNet

any bundle of nerve fibers running to various organs and tissues of the body (同)nervus
of or relating to olfaction (同)olfactive
control of your emotions; "this kind of tension is not good for my nerves"

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〈C〉『神経』 / 〈C〉《複数形で》『神経過敏』,いらだち / 〈U〉『勇気』,度胸(courage) / 〈U〉《時にa ~》厚かましさ,ずぶとさ;無礼 / 〈C〉葉脈;(昆虫の)翅脈(しみゃく) / 〈人,特に自分〉‘に'力を与える,‘を'元気づける
嗅覚(きゅうかく)の / 嗅覚器官,鼻

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/08/07 04:59:10」(JST)

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Cranial nerves
CN I – Olfactory
CN II – Optic
CN III – Oculomotor
CN IV – Trochlear
CN V – Trigeminal
CN VI – Abducens
CN VII – Facial
CN VIII – Vestibulocochlear
CN IX – Glossopharyngeal
CN X – Vagus
CN XI – Spinal accessory
CN XII – Hypoglossal
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The olfactory nerve, or cranial nerve I, is the first of twelve cranial nerves. It is instrumental in the sense of smell. Derived from the embryonic nasal placode, the olfactory nerve is capable of regeneration.

Anatomy

The specialized olfactory receptor neurons of the olfactory nerve are located in the olfactory mucosa of the upper parts of the nasal cavity. The olfactory nerves do not form two trunks as do the remaining cranial nerves. Rather, they consist of a collection of many sensory nerve fibers that extend from the olfactory epithelium to the olfactory bulb, passing through the many openings of the Cribriform plate of the Ethmoid bone, a sieve-like structure.

Olfactory receptor neurons continue to be born throughout life and extend new axons to the olfactory bulb. Olfactory ensheathing glia wrap bundles of these axons and are thought to facilitate their passage into the central nervous system.

The sense of smell (olfaction) arises from the stimulation of olfactory (or odorant) receptors by small molecules of different spatial, chemical, and electrical properties that pass over the nasal epithelium in the nasal cavity during inhalation. These interactions are transduced into electrical activity in the olfactory bulb, which then transmits the electrical activity to other parts of the olfactory system and the rest of the central nervous system via the olfactory tract.

The olfactory nerve is the shortest of the twelve cranial nerves and only one of two cranial nerves (the other being the optic nerve) that do not join with the brainstem.

Testing

To test the function of the olfactory nerve, doctors block one of the patient's nostrils and place a pungent odor (such as damp coffee essence) under the open nostril. The test is then repeated on the other nostril.

Lesions

Lesions to the olfactory nerve can occur because of blunt trauma, such as coup-contra-coup damage, meningitis, and tumors of the frontal lobe. They often lead to a reduced ability to taste and smell. However, lesions of the olfactory nerve do not lead to a reduced ability to sense pain from the nasal epithelium. This is because pain from the nasal epithelium is not carried to the central nervous system by the olfactory nerve; rather, it is carried to the central nervous system by the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V).

External links

Cranial Nerves at Yale 1-1
cranialnerves at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University) (I)
Notes on Olfactory Nerve

Template:Cranial nervddes

UpToDate Contents

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1. 味覚および嗅覚障害の解剖学および病因 anatomy and etiology of taste and smell disorders
2. 気道の神経制御 neuronal control of the airways
3. 腹部大動脈瘤ステントグラフト留置術に対する麻酔 anesthesia for endovascular aortic repair
4. 成人における選択的脊椎手術のための麻酔 anesthesia for elective spine surgery in adults
5. 頸動脈内膜剥離術および頸動脈ステント留置術の麻酔 anesthesia for carotid endarterectomy and carotid stenting

English Journal

Novel NG2-CreERT2 knock-in mice demonstrate heterogeneous differentiation potential of NG2 glia during development.

Huang W1, Zhao N, Bai X, Karram K, Trotter J, Goebbels S, Scheller A, Kirchhoff F.
Glia.Glia.2014 Jun;62(6):896-913. doi: 10.1002/glia.22648. Epub 2014 Feb 28.
NG2 (nerve/glia antigen-2) is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein and also known as chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4. In the parenchyma of the central nervous system, NG2-expressing (NG2(+) ) cells have been identified as a novel type of glia with a strong potential to generate oligodendrocytes (O
PMID 24578301

Oxidative stress and acute changes in murine brain tissues after nasal instillation of copper particles with different sizes.

Liu Y, Gao Y, Liu Y, Li B, Chen C, Wu G.
Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology.J Nanosci Nanotechnol.2014 Jun;14(6):4534-40.
We aim to investigate the biological effects of copper particles on the murine brain and their underlying mechanism after nasal instillation of copper particles. We choose different sizes and different concentrations of copper nanoparticles for mice intranasal use. Within one week, the mice were sac
PMID 24738425

Intranasal exposure to uranium results in direct transfer to the brain along olfactory nerve bundles.

Ibanez C1, Suhard D, Tessier C, Delissen O, Lestaevel P, Dublineau I, Gourmelon P.
Neuropathology and applied neurobiology.Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol.2014 Jun;40(4):477-88. doi: 10.1111/nan.12061.
AIMS: Uranium olfactory uptake after intranasal exposure raises some concerns for people potentially exposed to airborne radionuclide contamination as the brain could be a direct target for these contaminants. A model of nasal instillation was used to elucidate the transport mechanisms of uranium to
PMID 23672198

Japanese Journal

ラベンダーの香りが上肢脊髄神経の興奮性に与える影響

由留木裕子,鈴木俊明
理学療法学 40(2), 96-100, 2013-04-20
【目的】ラベンダーの刺激が筋緊張にどのような影響を及ぼすのか,筋緊張の評価の指標といわれているF波を用いて,上肢脊髄神経の興奮性に与える影響をあきらかにすることである。【方法】嗅覚に障害がなく,アロマの経験のない健常者10名(男性7名,女性3名),平均年齢25.9±6.0歳。コントロール群9名(男性6名,女性3名),平均年齢29.1±8.8歳。被験者を背臥位にし匂いのない状態とラベンダーの匂いのあ …
NAID 110009604097

未破裂脳動脈瘤手術におけるCISS画像による術前評価の意義

河本俊介,持木かなえ,金谷英明,荻野雅宏,金彪
脳卒中の外科 40(6), 394-401, 2012
… The cranial nerves and other neural structures, and efferent and perforating vessels were confirmed during surgery. … Microsurgical information regarding the surgical route such as sylvian or interhemispheric fissure, and adhesion or close contact to surrounding tissues including oculomotor, optic and other cranial nerves and the tentorium and other basal dura was very useful for advancing the procedure precisely as planned. …
NAID 130004479833

嗅神経輸送機能の臨床診断

志賀英明,山本純平,三輪高喜
YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 132(11), 1263-1266, 2012
… Nasal administration of macromolecular drugs (peptides, nanoparticles) has a possibility to enable a drug delivery system beyond the blood brain barrier via olfactory nerve transport. … However, evaluation of the olfactory nerve transport function in patients with olfactory disorders has yet to be done, although such an evaluation is important in selecting candidates for clinical trials. …
NAID 130001871992

「嗅神経」

Nerve: Olfactory nerve
	The Olfactory Nerve
	Inferior view of the human brain, with the cranial nerves labelled.
Latin	nervus olfactorius
Gray's	subject #196
MeSH	Olfactory+Nerve