WordNet

make obscure or unclear
darkening or obscuring the sight of something

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《文》…‘を'混乱させる,わかりにくくさせる / 〈人の心〉‘を'暗くする,曇らせる
混乱 / 心を暗くすること

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/05/25 20:25:39」(JST)

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For the term as used in computer science, see obfuscation (software).

Obfuscation (or beclouding) is the hiding of intended meaning in communication, making communication confusing, wilfully ambiguous, and harder to interpret.^{[citation needed]}

Background [edit]

Obfuscation may be used for many purposes. Doctors have been accused of using jargon to conceal unpleasant facts from a patient; American author Michael Crichton claimed that medical writing is a "highly skilled, calculated attempt to confuse the reader".^[1] B. F. Skinner, noted psychologist, commented on medical notation as a form of multiple audience control, which allows the doctor to communicate to the pharmacist things which might be opposed by the patient if they could understand it.^[2] Similarly text-based language, like some forms of leet, are obfuscated to make them incomprehensible to outsiders...

"Eschew obfuscation" [edit]

"Eschew obfuscation", also stated as "eschew obfuscation, espouse elucidation", is a humorous fumblerule used by English teachers and professors when lecturing about proper writing techniques.

Literally, the phrase means "avoid being unclear" or "avoid being unclear, support being clear", but the use of relatively uncommon words causes confusion, making the phrase an example of irony, and more precisely a heterological or hypocritical phrase (it does not embody its own advice).

The phrase has appeared in print at least as early as 1959, when it was used as a section heading in a NASA document.^[3]

An earlier similar phrase appears in Mark Twain's Fenimore Cooper's Literary Offenses,^[4] where he lists rule fourteen of good writing as "eschew surplusage".

The philosopher Paul Grice used the phrase in the "Maxim of Manner", one of the Gricean maxims.

White Box Cryptography [edit]

In white box cryptography, obfuscation refers to the protection of cryptographic keys from extraction when they are under the control of the adversary, e.g., as part of a DRM scheme.

Network Security [edit]

In network security, obfuscation refers to methods used to obscure an attack payload from inspection by network protection systems.

References [edit]

^ Appendix 25 - Medspeak
^ Skinner, B.F. (1957) Verbal Behavior p.232
^ United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration, NASA Technical Memorandum (1959), p. 171.
^ Fenimore Cooper's Literary Offenses (1895)

External links [edit]

Look up obfuscation in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

"Binghamton Research".

UpToDate Contents

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1. 心筋障害のバイオマーカーとしてのトロポニンおよびクレアチンキナーゼ troponins and creatine kinase as biomarkers of cardiac injury
2. 産後出血の概要 overview of postpartum hemorrhage

English Journal

A Normalized Statistical Metric Space for Hidden Markov Models.

Lu C, Schwier JM, Craven RM, Yu L, Brooks RR, Griffin C.AbstractIn this paper, we present a normalized statistical metric space for hidden Markov models (HMMs). HMMs are widely used to model real-world systems. Like graph matching, some previous approaches compare HMMs by evaluating the correspondence, or goodness of match, between every pair of states, concentrating on the structure of the models instead of the statistics of the process being observed. To remedy this, we present a new metric space that compares the statistics of HMMs within a given level of statistical significance. Compared with the Kullback-Leibler divergence, which is another widely used approach for measuring model similarity, our approach is a true metric, can always return an appropriate distance value, and provides a confidence measure on the metric value. Experimental results are given for a sample application, which quantify the similarity of HMMs of network traffic in the Tor anonymization system. This application is interesting since it considers models extracted from a system that is intentionally trying to obfuscate its internal workings. In the conclusion, we discuss applications in less-challenging domains, such as data mining.
IEEE transactions on systems, man, and cybernetics. Part B, Cybernetics : a publication of the IEEE Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Society.IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern B Cybern.2012 Oct 3. [Epub ahead of print]
In this paper, we present a normalized statistical metric space for hidden Markov models (HMMs). HMMs are widely used to model real-world systems. Like graph matching, some previous approaches compare HMMs by evaluating the correspondence, or goodness of match, between every pair of states, concentr
PMID 23047878

Meta-analysis argues for a female-specific role of MAOA-uVNTR in panic disorder in four European populations.

Reif A, Weber H, Domschke K, Klauke B, Baumann C, Jacob CP, Ströhle A, Gerlach AL, Alpers GW, Pauli P, Hamm A, Kircher T, Arolt V, Wittchen HU, Binder EB, Erhardt A, Deckert J.SourceDepartment of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany. reif_a@klinik.uni-wuerburg.de.
American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics.Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet.2012 Oct;159B(7):786-93. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32085. Epub 2012 Aug 22.
Panic disorder (PD) is a common mental disorder, ranking highest among the anxiety disorders in terms of disease burden. The pathogenesis of PD is multifactorial with significant heritability, however only a few convincing risk genes have been reported thus far. One of the most promising candidates
PMID 22911667

Japanese Journal

コミュニケーション原理:－言語研究からの眺め－

定延利之
電子情報通信学会基礎・境界ソサイエティ Fundamentals Review 8(4), 276-291, 2015
本稿は，日常会話に代表される人間同士のコミュニケーションの原理を明らかにしようとするものである．伝統的なコミュニケーション観に多かれ少なかれ共通する原理として，次の四つを挙げることができる．(i)情報伝達を前提とする；(ii)意図を前提とする；(iii)共在を前提とする；(iv)行動を前提とする．だが，これらの原理が諸現象を見る研究者の目を曇らせ，不当な記述や説明を生み出してしまっていることも実は …
NAID 130005064210

スマートメータ自動検針システムにおいて金銭的な公平性を考慮した2世帯住宅電力使用量秘匿化手法

稲村茅大,豊田健太郎,笹瀬巌
研究報告コンピュータセキュリティ（CSEC） 2014-CSEC-67(7), 1-7, 2014-11-28
… In BLH, a household battery is used to obfuscate an actual load profile by charging and discharging. …
NAID 170000087908

スマートメータ自動検針システムにおいて金銭的な公平性を考慮した2世帯住宅電力使用量秘匿化手法

稲村茅大,豊田健太郎,笹瀬巌
情報処理学会研究報告. CSEC, [コンピュータセキュリティ] 2014-CSEC-67(7), 1-7, 2014-11-28
通信機能を活用してリアルタイムに自動検針 (AMR: Automatic Meter Reading) を行うスマートメータの普及によって,電力消費量の見える化,およびエネルギーの効率化が期待されている.一方,計測した各世帯のリアルタイムな電力使用量から顧客のライフスタイルを推定する NILM (Non Intrusive Load Monitoring) と呼ばれる手法が提案されているが,プライ …
NAID 110009850405