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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/09/13 21:52:58」(JST)

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A nucleotidase is a hydrolytic enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of a nucleotide into a nucleoside and a phosphate. For example, it converts adenosine monophosphate to adenosine, and guanosine monophosphate to guanosine.

Nucleotidases have an important function in digestion in that they break down consumed nucleic acids.

They can be divided into two categories, based upon the end that is hydrolyzed:

EC 3.1.3.5: 5'-nucleotidase - NT5C, NT5C1A, NT5C1B, NT5C2, NT5C3

EC 3.1.3.6: 3'-nucleotidase - NT3

5'-Nucleotidases cleave off the phosphate from the 5' end of the sugar moiety. They can be classified into various kinds depending on their substrate preferences and subcellular localization. Membrane-bound 5'-nucleotidases display specificity toward adenosine monophosphates and are involved predominantly in the salvage of preformed nucleotides and in signal transduction cascades involving purinergic receptors. Soluble 5'-nucleotidases are all known to belong to the haloacid dehalogenase superfamily of enzymes, which are two domain proteins characterised by a modified Rossman fold as the core and variable cap or hood. The soluble forms are further subclassified based on the criterion mentioned above. mdN and cdN are mitochondrial and cytosolic 5'-3'-pyrimidine nucleotidases. cN-I is a cytosolic nucleotidase(cN) characterized by its affinity toward AMP as its substrate. cN-II is identified by its affinity toward either IMP or GMP or both. cN-III is a pyrimidine 5'-nucleotidase. 5'-Nucleotidases are involved in varied functions like cell-cell communication, nucleic acid repair, purine salvage pathway for the synthesis of nucleotides, signal transduction, membrane transport, etc.

References

Hunsucker, S. A., Mitchell, B. S. and Spychala, J. (2005). "The 5'-nucleotidases as regulators of nucleotide and drug metabolism". Pharmacol. Ther. 107, 1–30.

External links

Nucleotidases at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

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1. 胆汁うっ滞系酵素の測定（アルカリホスファターゼ、5' -ヌクレオチダーゼ、γ-グルタミルトランスペプチダーゼなど） enzymatic measures of cholestasis eg alkaline phosphatase 5 nucleotidase gamma glutamyl transpeptidase
2. 肝酵素および肝機能検査値の異常が認められた患者に対するアプローチ approach to the patient with abnormal liver biochemical and function tests
3. 成人における溶血性貧血の診断へのアプローチ approach to the diagnosis of hemolytic anemia in the adult
4. Maternal gastrointestinal tract adaptation to pregnancy
5. 末梢血塗抹標本の評価 evaluation of the peripheral blood smear

English Journal

Periodontal disease and high doses of inhaled corticosteroids alter NTPDase activity in the blood serum of rats.

Scarabelot VL1, Cavagni J2, Medeiros LF1, Detânico B1, Rozisky JR1, de Souza A1, Daudt LD2, Gaio EJ2, Ferreira MB3, Rösing CK2, Battastini AM4, Torres IL5.
Archives of oral biology.Arch Oral Biol.2014 Aug;59(8):841-7. doi: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2014.05.004. Epub 2014 May 14.
BACKGROUND: Certain drugs such as glucocorticoids may interfere with the modulation of periodontal disease. In contrast, corticosteroid treatment has been associated with a protective effect with regard to periodontal breakdown, depending on the dose, pathway, and exposure time. Considering the pote
PMID 24863659

Involvement of P2Y11 receptor in silica nanoparticles 30-induced IL-6 production by human keratinocytes.

Nagakura C1, Negishi Y1, Tsukimoto M1, Itou S2, Kondo T2, Takeda K3, Kojima S4.
Toxicology.Toxicology.2014 Aug 1;322:61-8. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2014.03.010. Epub 2014 May 2.
We have previously reported that P2Y11 receptor mediates IFN-γ-induced IL-6 production in human keratinocytes, suggesting the importance of purinergic signaling in skin inflammatory diseases. In this study, the involvement of various P2 receptors in IL-6 production induced by silica nanoparticle 30
PMID 24793913

NT5C3 polymorphisms and outcome of first induction chemotherapy in acute myeloid leukemia.

Cheong HS1, Koh Y, Ahn KS, Lee C, Shin HD, Yoon SS.
Pharmacogenetics and genomics.Pharmacogenet Genomics.2014 Jul 3. [Epub ahead of print]
AIMS: The cytosolic 5'-nucleotidase-III (NT5C3) is involved in the metabolism of the nucleoside analog, cytosine arabinose (AraC), and the expression level of NT5C3 is correlated with sensitivity to AraC in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. The current study examined whether the NT5C3 polymorph
PMID 25000516

Japanese Journal

Effect of Scutia buxifolia Reissek in nucleotidase activities and inhibition of platelet aggregation

Boligon Aline Augusti,Pimentel Victor Camera,Bagatini Margarete Dulce [他]
Journal of natural medicines 69(1), 46-54, 2015
NAID 40020304954

Immunosuppression via adenosine receptor activation by adenosine monophosphate released from apoptotic cells.

Yamaguchi Hiroshi,Maruyama Toshihiko,Urade Yoshihiro,Nagata Shigekazu
eLife 3, 2014-03-25
… A nucleotidase inhibitor and A2a adenosine receptor antagonist inhibited the apoptotic supernatant-induced gene expression, suggesting AMP was metabolized to adenosine by an ecto-5'-nucleotidase expressed on macrophages, to activate the macrophage A2a adenosine receptor. …
NAID 120005439169